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Purpose <p>The accumulation of metal(loid)s in agricultural soils and sediments poses significant ecological and health risks. This study assess the bioavailability and ecological risks of metals and arsenic in agricultural soils using Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) technology. A key innovation is what we believe to be the first joint ecological risk assessment linking metal(loid)s in soils/sediments to combined toxic risks for aquatic biota, using probabilistic risk assessment (PRA).</p> Materials and methods <p>The study area is Baguazhou Island, Nanjing, southeastern China, where 21 soil and sediment samples were collected in August 2023. The DGT technique was employed to measure bioavailable concentrations of Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, inorganic mercury (InHg), V, Cr, As, Se, Mo, Sb, and W. PRA—based on species sensitivity distributions (SSD) and published toxicity data for aquatic organisms—was performed using the measured DGT-labile concentrations.</p> Results <p>Spatial patterns of metal and arsenic concentrations showed substantial variation attributable to natural and anthropogenic influences. Bivariate clustering heatmap analysis revealed pronounced spatial heterogeneity, with sites differentially influenced by specific metals and As. Considered individually, each element showed &lt; 30% probability of toxic effects. However, when cumulative (mixture) risk was evaluated, soils and sediments on Baguazhou Island exhibited a 43.8% probability of causing toxic effects to aquatic biota.</p> Conclusions <p>This study reveals a significant joint ecological risk (43.8%) from combined metal(loid) exposure in peri-urban agricultural soils and sediments. Integrating DGT with SSD-based PRA effectively characterizes pollutant bioavailability and ecological risk. Although individual metals posed low risk, their combined impact warrants urgent attention. These findings underscore the need to account for mixture toxicity in ecological assessments and provide a practical framework for environmental risk evaluation and management in similar agricultural regions.</p>

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Determination of metal(loid) bioavailability in peri-urban agricultural soils and sediments of Southeast China by DGT and probabilistic risk assessment of DGT-derived data

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月18日

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  • Xihe Yue,
  • Rui-Ze Liang,
  • Richard W. Jordan,
  • Hong Su,
  • Shi-Jun Jiang,
  • Yang-Guang Gu

摘要

Purpose

The accumulation of metal(loid)s in agricultural soils and sediments poses significant ecological and health risks. This study assess the bioavailability and ecological risks of metals and arsenic in agricultural soils using Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) technology. A key innovation is what we believe to be the first joint ecological risk assessment linking metal(loid)s in soils/sediments to combined toxic risks for aquatic biota, using probabilistic risk assessment (PRA).

Materials and methods

The study area is Baguazhou Island, Nanjing, southeastern China, where 21 soil and sediment samples were collected in August 2023. The DGT technique was employed to measure bioavailable concentrations of Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, inorganic mercury (InHg), V, Cr, As, Se, Mo, Sb, and W. PRA—based on species sensitivity distributions (SSD) and published toxicity data for aquatic organisms—was performed using the measured DGT-labile concentrations.

Results

Spatial patterns of metal and arsenic concentrations showed substantial variation attributable to natural and anthropogenic influences. Bivariate clustering heatmap analysis revealed pronounced spatial heterogeneity, with sites differentially influenced by specific metals and As. Considered individually, each element showed < 30% probability of toxic effects. However, when cumulative (mixture) risk was evaluated, soils and sediments on Baguazhou Island exhibited a 43.8% probability of causing toxic effects to aquatic biota.

Conclusions

This study reveals a significant joint ecological risk (43.8%) from combined metal(loid) exposure in peri-urban agricultural soils and sediments. Integrating DGT with SSD-based PRA effectively characterizes pollutant bioavailability and ecological risk. Although individual metals posed low risk, their combined impact warrants urgent attention. These findings underscore the need to account for mixture toxicity in ecological assessments and provide a practical framework for environmental risk evaluation and management in similar agricultural regions.