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Purpose <p>Cadmium (Cd) pollution from smelters severely impacts farmland ecosystems, particularly soil microbial communities. However, the combined mechanism of Cd and crop rhizosphere effects on microorganisms in alkaline soils remains less understood. This study investigated their synergistic interactions and microbial adaptive responses in Cd-contaminated alkaline wheat croplands.</p> Methods <p>We studied alkaline wheat fields near a lead-zinc smelter in the North China Plain. At wheat tillering, we compared rhizosphere and bulk soils from fields with different Cd pollution levels. We analyzed soil properties, total Cd, bioavailable Cd, and bacterial communities (using 16&#xa0;S rRNA sequencing) to determine how Cd and rhizosphere effects shape communities and their interactions with soil properties.</p> Results <p>Significant divergence existed between bulk and rhizosphere bacterial communities. Rhizosphere effects markedly reduced bacterial α-diversity. Synergistic interactions between Cd exposure and rhizosphere processes modulated taxon-specific responses (e.g., <i>Arthrobacter</i>). Soil acidification (reduced pH) and increased total phosphorus were key drivers of community restructuring. Rhizosphere networks exhibited distinct topology with higher connectivity (average degree: 11.3 vs. 9.5) than bulk soil. Under combined Cd and rhizosphere effects, wheat selectively enriched Cd-resistant bacteria, fostering a more stable and stress-resistant rhizosphere community.</p> Conclusion <p>Cd contamination and rhizosphere effects synergistically reshaped bacterial community structure, specifically affecting certain genera in alkaline cropland soil. This enhances understanding of how combined rhizosphere influences and Cd contamination impact these ecosystems, providing valuable insights for ecological restoration in heavy metal-contaminated areas.</p>

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The synergistic impact of cadmium and the wheat rhizosphere on the soil bacterial community in alkaline cropland in Northern China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月10日

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  • Wenjing Ge,
  • Fukun Gao,
  • Jianlei Gao,
  • Junxiang Ding,
  • Long Han,
  • Jing Wang,
  • Tengyun Zhang,
  • Hongli Li,
  • Yixin Yan

摘要

Purpose

Cadmium (Cd) pollution from smelters severely impacts farmland ecosystems, particularly soil microbial communities. However, the combined mechanism of Cd and crop rhizosphere effects on microorganisms in alkaline soils remains less understood. This study investigated their synergistic interactions and microbial adaptive responses in Cd-contaminated alkaline wheat croplands.

Methods

We studied alkaline wheat fields near a lead-zinc smelter in the North China Plain. At wheat tillering, we compared rhizosphere and bulk soils from fields with different Cd pollution levels. We analyzed soil properties, total Cd, bioavailable Cd, and bacterial communities (using 16 S rRNA sequencing) to determine how Cd and rhizosphere effects shape communities and their interactions with soil properties.

Results

Significant divergence existed between bulk and rhizosphere bacterial communities. Rhizosphere effects markedly reduced bacterial α-diversity. Synergistic interactions between Cd exposure and rhizosphere processes modulated taxon-specific responses (e.g., Arthrobacter). Soil acidification (reduced pH) and increased total phosphorus were key drivers of community restructuring. Rhizosphere networks exhibited distinct topology with higher connectivity (average degree: 11.3 vs. 9.5) than bulk soil. Under combined Cd and rhizosphere effects, wheat selectively enriched Cd-resistant bacteria, fostering a more stable and stress-resistant rhizosphere community.

Conclusion

Cd contamination and rhizosphere effects synergistically reshaped bacterial community structure, specifically affecting certain genera in alkaline cropland soil. This enhances understanding of how combined rhizosphere influences and Cd contamination impact these ecosystems, providing valuable insights for ecological restoration in heavy metal-contaminated areas.