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Purpose <p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a crucial component in terrestrial carbon cycling and climate regulation. However, the spatial heterogeneity patterns and underlying driving mechanisms of SOC distribution within the Yellow River Basin have not been sufficiently investigated.</p> Methods <p>This study systematically investigated the spatial distribution patterns and driving mechanisms of surface SOC in the Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin by integrating geostatistics, Random Forest (RF) modeling, and Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM).</p> Results <p>The spatial distribution of SOC in the study area showed a distribution pattern of high in the middle and low on both sides. SOC was significantly positively correlated with soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, vegetation factor, mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, elevation and sand soil (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and significantly negatively correlated with pH (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Soil total nitrogen had the greatest degree of influence on the distribution of SOC. Soil properties were the most critical factor directly affecting the distribution of SOC, with standardized total effects of 0.90.</p> Conclusion <p>SOC in the Shandong Yellow River Basin averaged 11.3&#xa0;g·kg⁻¹, with moderate spatial variability (CV = 0.37). Soil properties directly enhanced the SOC (β = 0.90), and total nitrogen (TN) is the main driving factor among them (27.6% IncMSE). Climate and terrain influenced SOC indirectly through vegetation and soil. Integrated multi-model analyses identify TN management and altitude-adapted vegetation restoration as pivotal strategies to enhance carbon sequestration efficiency, informing tailored strategies for region-specific soil conservation and climate mitigation.</p>

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Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon and its drivers in the Shandong section of the yellow river basin, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Ping Dai,
  • Liyuan Yang,
  • Zenghui Wang,
  • Jierui Dai,
  • Jialiang Li

摘要

Purpose

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a crucial component in terrestrial carbon cycling and climate regulation. However, the spatial heterogeneity patterns and underlying driving mechanisms of SOC distribution within the Yellow River Basin have not been sufficiently investigated.

Methods

This study systematically investigated the spatial distribution patterns and driving mechanisms of surface SOC in the Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin by integrating geostatistics, Random Forest (RF) modeling, and Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM).

Results

The spatial distribution of SOC in the study area showed a distribution pattern of high in the middle and low on both sides. SOC was significantly positively correlated with soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, vegetation factor, mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, elevation and sand soil (p < 0.05), and significantly negatively correlated with pH (p < 0.05). Soil total nitrogen had the greatest degree of influence on the distribution of SOC. Soil properties were the most critical factor directly affecting the distribution of SOC, with standardized total effects of 0.90.

Conclusion

SOC in the Shandong Yellow River Basin averaged 11.3 g·kg⁻¹, with moderate spatial variability (CV = 0.37). Soil properties directly enhanced the SOC (β = 0.90), and total nitrogen (TN) is the main driving factor among them (27.6% IncMSE). Climate and terrain influenced SOC indirectly through vegetation and soil. Integrated multi-model analyses identify TN management and altitude-adapted vegetation restoration as pivotal strategies to enhance carbon sequestration efficiency, informing tailored strategies for region-specific soil conservation and climate mitigation.