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Purpose <p>Solar greenhouses are the most important vegetable production systems in the Loess Plateau, northwestern China. Serious environmental concerns arise from the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in solar greenhouse. To decipher the changes of nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N) accumulation and the abundance and structure of nitrogen-cycling microbial communities in solar greenhouse.</p> Materials and methods <p>Soil profiles (0–500&#xa0;cm) were sampled in grain fields (control) and solar greenhouses with 1, 10, and 18 years of vegetable cropping. Changes in soil physicochemical properties and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N accumulation, as well as the abundance of nitrifying/denitrifying functional genes and associated microbial community structure were analyzed.</p> Results and discussion <p>Soil pH decreased in response to continuous cropping of vegetables in solar greenhouses, whereas soil electrical conductivity and nutrient contents (e.g., total nitrogen) all increased. The amount of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N accumulation in 0–500&#xa0;cm soil profiles reached 1165, 2757, and 3722&#xa0;kg N ha<sup>–1</sup> in the 1-, 10-, and 18-year groups of solar greenhouses, respectively. Land-use pattern change from grain fields to solar greenhouses, the abundances of bacterial <i>amoA</i> gene involved in nitrification and <i>nirS</i>, <i>nirK</i>, and <i>nosZ</i> genes involved in denitrification increased in the whole soil profiles. There were distinct shifts in the community structures of nitrifying and denitrifying functional genes under long-term vegetable cropping, which were mainly influenced by soil pH, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N, dissolved organic carbon, and electrical conductivity.</p> Conclusions <p>Continuous cropping of vegetables in solar greenhouses altered soil physicochemical properties and consequently the abundance and community structure of nitrifying/denitrifying functional genes, which in turn affected nitrogen transformation. These findings provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N accumulation in intensively nitrogen fertilized agricultural ecosystems.</p>

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Changes of soil nitrate accumulation and the abundance and structure of nitrogen cycling microbial communities during long-term solar greenhouse vegetable cultivation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月16日

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  • Mingxia Yang,
  • Ningning Zhou,
  • Mingfeng Li,
  • Zhujun Chen,
  • Jianbin Zhou,
  • Xiaofang Deng

摘要

Purpose

Solar greenhouses are the most important vegetable production systems in the Loess Plateau, northwestern China. Serious environmental concerns arise from the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in solar greenhouse. To decipher the changes of nitrate (NO3–-N) accumulation and the abundance and structure of nitrogen-cycling microbial communities in solar greenhouse.

Materials and methods

Soil profiles (0–500 cm) were sampled in grain fields (control) and solar greenhouses with 1, 10, and 18 years of vegetable cropping. Changes in soil physicochemical properties and NO3–-N accumulation, as well as the abundance of nitrifying/denitrifying functional genes and associated microbial community structure were analyzed.

Results and discussion

Soil pH decreased in response to continuous cropping of vegetables in solar greenhouses, whereas soil electrical conductivity and nutrient contents (e.g., total nitrogen) all increased. The amount of NO3–-N accumulation in 0–500 cm soil profiles reached 1165, 2757, and 3722 kg N ha–1 in the 1-, 10-, and 18-year groups of solar greenhouses, respectively. Land-use pattern change from grain fields to solar greenhouses, the abundances of bacterial amoA gene involved in nitrification and nirS, nirK, and nosZ genes involved in denitrification increased in the whole soil profiles. There were distinct shifts in the community structures of nitrifying and denitrifying functional genes under long-term vegetable cropping, which were mainly influenced by soil pH, NO3–-N, dissolved organic carbon, and electrical conductivity.

Conclusions

Continuous cropping of vegetables in solar greenhouses altered soil physicochemical properties and consequently the abundance and community structure of nitrifying/denitrifying functional genes, which in turn affected nitrogen transformation. These findings provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for NO3–-N accumulation in intensively nitrogen fertilized agricultural ecosystems.