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Purpose <p>This study investigated pollution levels and metal patterns in the bank sediments of the Nile River, South Egypt. Geochemical, correlation analysis, ecological, and health risk assessment indices were utilized in this study to identify potential sources and health risks.</p> Methods <p>Sediment grain size, pH, and organic matter were analyzed using the standard methods. Forty-four samples were collected from 13 Nile bank sections and analyzed for nine metals using ICP-OES. Ten indices of ecological, sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), and health risk assessment were applied and evaluated.</p> Results <p>The sediments were mainly composed of mud, low organic matter, and slightly alkaline. The average metal contents were in a decreasing order: Fe &gt; Ba &gt; V &gt; Cr ˃ Zn &gt; Ni ˃ Cu &gt; Co &gt; Pb. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlations between Co, Cu, and V with Fe. PCA analysis revealed significant loads of Co, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, V, and Fe, possibly due to common anthropogenic sources. Cluster analysis split the nine metals into four groups: first (Co, Cr, Zn, and Fe), second (TOM%, Mud%, Ni, and Cu), third (Sand%, Ba and V) and fourth (Pb and pH). The pollution load index indicated progressive contamination (PLI &gt; 1), potential ecological risk index showed low risk (PERI &lt; 150), and low to medium toxic risk (5 &lt; TRI ≤ 10). Ba had the largest levels of HI<sub>Child</sub> and HI<sub>Adult</sub>, while Ni had the highest levels of TCR<sub>Child</sub> and TCR<sub>Adult</sub>.</p> Conclusion <p>The examined metals in the Nile bank sediments had no chronic non-carcinogenic risk, and their total carcinogenic risks were below the permissible levels of the U.S. EPA guidelines.</p>

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Assessing the ecological and health risks of heavy metals pollution in bank sediments of the Nile River, South Egypt

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月21日

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  • Ahmed Abdelaal,
  • Abbas M. Mansour,
  • Mohamed R. Osman,
  • Farrage M. Khaleal,
  • Marco Foi,
  • Fathy Abdalla,
  • El Saeed R. Lasheen

摘要

Purpose

This study investigated pollution levels and metal patterns in the bank sediments of the Nile River, South Egypt. Geochemical, correlation analysis, ecological, and health risk assessment indices were utilized in this study to identify potential sources and health risks.

Methods

Sediment grain size, pH, and organic matter were analyzed using the standard methods. Forty-four samples were collected from 13 Nile bank sections and analyzed for nine metals using ICP-OES. Ten indices of ecological, sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), and health risk assessment were applied and evaluated.

Results

The sediments were mainly composed of mud, low organic matter, and slightly alkaline. The average metal contents were in a decreasing order: Fe > Ba > V > Cr ˃ Zn > Ni ˃ Cu > Co > Pb. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlations between Co, Cu, and V with Fe. PCA analysis revealed significant loads of Co, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, V, and Fe, possibly due to common anthropogenic sources. Cluster analysis split the nine metals into four groups: first (Co, Cr, Zn, and Fe), second (TOM%, Mud%, Ni, and Cu), third (Sand%, Ba and V) and fourth (Pb and pH). The pollution load index indicated progressive contamination (PLI > 1), potential ecological risk index showed low risk (PERI < 150), and low to medium toxic risk (5 < TRI ≤ 10). Ba had the largest levels of HIChild and HIAdult, while Ni had the highest levels of TCRChild and TCRAdult.

Conclusion

The examined metals in the Nile bank sediments had no chronic non-carcinogenic risk, and their total carcinogenic risks were below the permissible levels of the U.S. EPA guidelines.