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Purpose <p>Agricultural residues have the potential to be used for biochar production and utilization as a soil amendment. However, the decomposition dynamics of plant and animal residue biochar and their impacts on soil health and carbon (C) stability have not been well studied. This study evaluated soil health, crop productivity, greenhouse gas emissions, and C mineralization kinetics after amendment with agricultural residue biochar.</p> Methods <p>Biochar derived from cattle manure (CM), hemp wood (HW), and pecan wood (PW) were applied in soil at 1% w/w, and sorghum was cultivated for three months in greenhouse pots. Soils from the pot experiment were subsequently incubated in the laboratory for three months, and decomposition data were fitted to C mineralization kinetic models.</p> Results <p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) was 72% greater in PW-amended soils than in the control. The CM-amended soil had a 9% greater cation exchange capacity, 28% higher fungi/bacteria ratio, and 24% greater saprophytes than the control. While CM had 47% more grain yield than the control, plant residue biochar maintained greater gram-positive and actinobacteria abundances, and ultimately, more C at the end of laboratory incubation. Total C mineralized during 91-day incubation was lowest in HW and highest in CM. The first-order kinetic model best described C mineralization for PW and HW, while the double exponential model best fitted for CM-amended soils.</p> Conclusion <p>Plant residue biochars enhanced SOC storage, while manure biochar increased soil nutrients and crop yields. The difference in decomposition was related to the composition of plant and animal residue biochar.</p>

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Contrasting effects of plant and animal residue biochars on soil health, carbon stability, and crop yield

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月30日

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  • Sundar Sapkota,
  • Rajan Ghimire,
  • Catherine E. Brewer,
  • Shermal Fernando

摘要

Purpose

Agricultural residues have the potential to be used for biochar production and utilization as a soil amendment. However, the decomposition dynamics of plant and animal residue biochar and their impacts on soil health and carbon (C) stability have not been well studied. This study evaluated soil health, crop productivity, greenhouse gas emissions, and C mineralization kinetics after amendment with agricultural residue biochar.

Methods

Biochar derived from cattle manure (CM), hemp wood (HW), and pecan wood (PW) were applied in soil at 1% w/w, and sorghum was cultivated for three months in greenhouse pots. Soils from the pot experiment were subsequently incubated in the laboratory for three months, and decomposition data were fitted to C mineralization kinetic models.

Results

Soil organic carbon (SOC) was 72% greater in PW-amended soils than in the control. The CM-amended soil had a 9% greater cation exchange capacity, 28% higher fungi/bacteria ratio, and 24% greater saprophytes than the control. While CM had 47% more grain yield than the control, plant residue biochar maintained greater gram-positive and actinobacteria abundances, and ultimately, more C at the end of laboratory incubation. Total C mineralized during 91-day incubation was lowest in HW and highest in CM. The first-order kinetic model best described C mineralization for PW and HW, while the double exponential model best fitted for CM-amended soils.

Conclusion

Plant residue biochars enhanced SOC storage, while manure biochar increased soil nutrients and crop yields. The difference in decomposition was related to the composition of plant and animal residue biochar.