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Purpose <p>The purpose of this study was to examine the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) by using several life cycle assessment (LCA) models to evaluate how differences in assumptions, particularly regarding land-use change (LUC) emissions, as well as geographical and methodological variability, affect the calculation of the carbon intensity (CI) of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF)/Biojet fuels. The main research question is: How do variations in land-use assumptions, regional feedstock sourcing, and methodological choices across major regional LCA models impact the CI results and sustainability evaluations within CORSIA?</p> Methods <p>A comparative LCA approach was employed to evaluate four major regional models: GREET (USA), ECCC (Canada), GHGenius (British Columbia), and RenovaBio (Brazil). Each model’s treatment of land-use assumptions, geographic scope, feedstock sourcing, data bases and methodologies were analyzed. The study also considered CORSIA’s broader sustainability goals, including economic, environmental, and social aspects, in the context of LCA application.</p> Results <p>Significant discrepancies were observed in reported CI values across the LCA models, primarily driven by differences in land-use assumptions. Geographic scope and methodological choices also contributed to variability. These inconsistencies hindered the direct comparison of SAF/Biojet fuel pathways across jurisdictions and challenged CORSIA’s ability to maintain a unified CI calculation.</p> Conclusions <p>Harmonizing LCA models to better reflect regional variability and feedstock-specific practices is essential for accurately determining the CI of SAF/Biojet fuels. This harmonization will support CORSIA’s decarbonization goals and clarify sustainability criteria emphasized by organizations such as the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI). The study recommends international coordination to develop shared guidance on key assumptions, especially land-use impacts, and to establish transparent criteria for regional adaptation of LCA models within CORSIA, enhancing credibility and comparability.</p>

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A comparison of the life cycle analysis (LCA) models used to determine the carbon intensity of biofuels, biojet/Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月23日

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  • Hana Mohammadi,
  • Jack Saddler

摘要

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) by using several life cycle assessment (LCA) models to evaluate how differences in assumptions, particularly regarding land-use change (LUC) emissions, as well as geographical and methodological variability, affect the calculation of the carbon intensity (CI) of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF)/Biojet fuels. The main research question is: How do variations in land-use assumptions, regional feedstock sourcing, and methodological choices across major regional LCA models impact the CI results and sustainability evaluations within CORSIA?

Methods

A comparative LCA approach was employed to evaluate four major regional models: GREET (USA), ECCC (Canada), GHGenius (British Columbia), and RenovaBio (Brazil). Each model’s treatment of land-use assumptions, geographic scope, feedstock sourcing, data bases and methodologies were analyzed. The study also considered CORSIA’s broader sustainability goals, including economic, environmental, and social aspects, in the context of LCA application.

Results

Significant discrepancies were observed in reported CI values across the LCA models, primarily driven by differences in land-use assumptions. Geographic scope and methodological choices also contributed to variability. These inconsistencies hindered the direct comparison of SAF/Biojet fuel pathways across jurisdictions and challenged CORSIA’s ability to maintain a unified CI calculation.

Conclusions

Harmonizing LCA models to better reflect regional variability and feedstock-specific practices is essential for accurately determining the CI of SAF/Biojet fuels. This harmonization will support CORSIA’s decarbonization goals and clarify sustainability criteria emphasized by organizations such as the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI). The study recommends international coordination to develop shared guidance on key assumptions, especially land-use impacts, and to establish transparent criteria for regional adaptation of LCA models within CORSIA, enhancing credibility and comparability.