Purpose <p>This study was conducted to assess the environmental footprint associated with the manufacture, distribution, and farm-level inclusion of an enzyme product in swine diets in Canada.</p> Method <p>The modeling and assessment of the environmental impact were based on an attributional life cycle assessment. The assessment followed the Livestock Environmental Assessment Partnership (LEAP) guidelines recommended by the Food and Agricultural Organization and adhered to the ISO 14040/44:<CitationRef CitationID="CR17">2006</CitationRef> standards. A comparative assessment was performed on nine standard diets against reformulated diets (including an enzyme product) on the basis of nutritional requirements and feeding programs for pigs at different life cycle stage. The zootechnical effects on animals fed reformulated diets compared with standard diets were obtained from a meta-analysis developed from trials and published studies conducted between 2013 and 2023.</p> Results <p>The results show that the manufacture and delivery of 1&#xa0;kg of the enzyme product to a customer at a distance of 200 km from the manufacturing facility potentially emit approximately 3340 g of CO<sub>2</sub>-eq, use a 1.20 m<sup>2</sup> area of crop-eq land, release 0.40 g of P-eq and 10 g of SO<sub>2</sub>-eq, and are associated with fossil depletion of 850 g of oil-eq. However, including the enzyme at a rate of 125 g/t of complete feed in nine reformulated rations across different life cycle stages resulted in a cumulative environmental impact reduction of 5.5% compared with the standard ration. At the farm stage (from farrowing to grow-to-finish), environmental impacts reduced by a cumulative average of 8.2% across all impact categories compared with pigs fed a standard diet. Suppose that the enzyme product investigated in this study is adopted by feed formulators and nutritionists into the diet of pigs across Canada as a basic ingredient, the feeding strategy could offset an estimated 126,000 to 194,000 tons of CO<sub>2</sub>-eq per year&#xa0;from swine production systems.</p> Conclusion <p>The observed environmental mitigation, both at the feed mill (feed formulation) and at the farm gate, can be attributed to the reduced levels of soybean meal (ranging from 3.7 to 100%) and corn (from 2.2 to 35.7%) and improvement in animal performance when pigs are fed the reformulated diets (ranging from 1 to 7.5% depending on the life cycle stage). These findings suggest that including the enzyme product offers a sustainable feeding strategy for reducing the environmental impact of swine production, improving production performance while supporting Canada in achieving net-zero emission targets by 2050.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Life cycle methodology for determining the effect of reformulating swine diets with an enzyme technology to mitigate environmental impact and optimize production performance in Canada

  • Prince Agyemang,
  • Ebenezer M. Kwofie,
  • Ludovic Lahaye,
  • Melissa Otis,
  • Emilie Fontaine,
  • Glenmer Tactacan,
  • Marcia de Souza Vieira

摘要

Purpose

This study was conducted to assess the environmental footprint associated with the manufacture, distribution, and farm-level inclusion of an enzyme product in swine diets in Canada.

Method

The modeling and assessment of the environmental impact were based on an attributional life cycle assessment. The assessment followed the Livestock Environmental Assessment Partnership (LEAP) guidelines recommended by the Food and Agricultural Organization and adhered to the ISO 14040/44:2006 standards. A comparative assessment was performed on nine standard diets against reformulated diets (including an enzyme product) on the basis of nutritional requirements and feeding programs for pigs at different life cycle stage. The zootechnical effects on animals fed reformulated diets compared with standard diets were obtained from a meta-analysis developed from trials and published studies conducted between 2013 and 2023.

Results

The results show that the manufacture and delivery of 1 kg of the enzyme product to a customer at a distance of 200 km from the manufacturing facility potentially emit approximately 3340 g of CO2-eq, use a 1.20 m2 area of crop-eq land, release 0.40 g of P-eq and 10 g of SO2-eq, and are associated with fossil depletion of 850 g of oil-eq. However, including the enzyme at a rate of 125 g/t of complete feed in nine reformulated rations across different life cycle stages resulted in a cumulative environmental impact reduction of 5.5% compared with the standard ration. At the farm stage (from farrowing to grow-to-finish), environmental impacts reduced by a cumulative average of 8.2% across all impact categories compared with pigs fed a standard diet. Suppose that the enzyme product investigated in this study is adopted by feed formulators and nutritionists into the diet of pigs across Canada as a basic ingredient, the feeding strategy could offset an estimated 126,000 to 194,000 tons of CO2-eq per year from swine production systems.

Conclusion

The observed environmental mitigation, both at the feed mill (feed formulation) and at the farm gate, can be attributed to the reduced levels of soybean meal (ranging from 3.7 to 100%) and corn (from 2.2 to 35.7%) and improvement in animal performance when pigs are fed the reformulated diets (ranging from 1 to 7.5% depending on the life cycle stage). These findings suggest that including the enzyme product offers a sustainable feeding strategy for reducing the environmental impact of swine production, improving production performance while supporting Canada in achieving net-zero emission targets by 2050.

Graphical Abstract