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<p>The airborne polychlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxins and polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (dl-PCBs) were monitored by using passive air samplers during and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2021–2024) in Hanoi, Vietnam. The acceleration of production activities in Quang Minh Industrial (QMI) area increased PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in ambient air. The total toxic equivalents (∑TEQs) of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in QMI area were highest (445–11328&#xa0;fg TEQ/PUF day, average: 2486&#xa0;fg TEQ/PUF day). The temporal, seasonal, and spatial variations in their concentrations depended on distance from the QMI area and wind direction. ∑TEQs in the Nghia Do urban area (289–615&#xa0;fg TEQ/PUF day, average: 438&#xa0;fg TEQ/PUF day) and the Dong Da urban core area (282–572&#xa0;fg TEQ/PUF day, average: 412&#xa0;fg TEQ/PUF day) were 6 times lower than those in the QMI area, while ∑TEQs in the Ba Vi rural area (71–332&#xa0;fg TEQ/PUF day, average: 193&#xa0;fg TEQ/PUF day) were 13 times lower. The annual average ∑TEQs varied widely at the QMI area (555–5941&#xa0;fg TEQ/PUF day); in contrast, in the Nghia Do urban area (393–465&#xa0;fg TEQ/PUF day), the Dong Da urban core area (354–495&#xa0;fg TEQ/PUF day), and the Ba Vi rural area (150–226&#xa0;fg TEQ/PUF day) showed no significant differences. Average daily doses through inhalation in the QMI area (36.3–3666&#xa0;fg TEQ/kg BW/day) exceeded 10% of the WHO-estimated tolerable daily intake and were greater than in the former hotspot in Da Nang airport.</p>

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Temporal and spatial variations in airborne PCDD/F and dl-PCB concentrations in Hanoi, Vietnam, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Trinh Khac Sau,
  • Nghiem Xuan Truong

摘要

The airborne polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (dl-PCBs) were monitored by using passive air samplers during and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2021–2024) in Hanoi, Vietnam. The acceleration of production activities in Quang Minh Industrial (QMI) area increased PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in ambient air. The total toxic equivalents (∑TEQs) of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in QMI area were highest (445–11328 fg TEQ/PUF day, average: 2486 fg TEQ/PUF day). The temporal, seasonal, and spatial variations in their concentrations depended on distance from the QMI area and wind direction. ∑TEQs in the Nghia Do urban area (289–615 fg TEQ/PUF day, average: 438 fg TEQ/PUF day) and the Dong Da urban core area (282–572 fg TEQ/PUF day, average: 412 fg TEQ/PUF day) were 6 times lower than those in the QMI area, while ∑TEQs in the Ba Vi rural area (71–332 fg TEQ/PUF day, average: 193 fg TEQ/PUF day) were 13 times lower. The annual average ∑TEQs varied widely at the QMI area (555–5941 fg TEQ/PUF day); in contrast, in the Nghia Do urban area (393–465 fg TEQ/PUF day), the Dong Da urban core area (354–495 fg TEQ/PUF day), and the Ba Vi rural area (150–226 fg TEQ/PUF day) showed no significant differences. Average daily doses through inhalation in the QMI area (36.3–3666 fg TEQ/kg BW/day) exceeded 10% of the WHO-estimated tolerable daily intake and were greater than in the former hotspot in Da Nang airport.