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<p>The widespread use of mosquitocides raises concerns about unintended effects on non-target beneficial insects, particularly western honey bees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>). We assessed the acute and chronic toxicities of four active ingredients (chlorpyrifos, naled, prallethrin, and sumithrin) and their commercial formulations [the adulticides MMII® (chlorpyrifos), Dibrom® (naled), Duet® (prallethrin, sumithrin), and the larvicide Vectobac12AS® (<i>Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis</i>)] to adult worker honey bees under laboratory conditions. For acute and chronic oral exposure, naled was the most toxic active ingredient (LD₅₀ = 0.00027&#xa0;µg/bee, LC₅₀ = 0.012&#xa0;µg/mL, respectively), while Dibrom® was the most toxic formulated product (LD₅₀ = 0.294&#xa0;µg/bee, LC₅₀ = 1.529&#xa0;µg/mL, respectively). For acute contact, MMII® (LD₅₀ = 0.036&#xa0;µg/bee) and Dibrom® (LD₅₀ = 0.059&#xa0;µg/bee) caused the greatest toxicity. Dibrom® presented the greatest risk to honey bees when delivered chronically via oral exposure. In contrast, Duet® and Vectobac12AS® exhibited low toxicity and risk to adult bees across all exposure routes. We also assessed sublethal effects of mosquitocide exposure on adult honey bees, but no consistent patterns emerged. Overall, these results highlight the need for integrated risk assessments combining lethal and sublethal endpoints to enhance prediction of the ecological risks posed by mosquito control products to honey bee health.</p>

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Mosquito larvicide and adulticide impacts on adult western honey bees (Apis mellifera) in in vitro cage studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Léna Barascou,
  • James D. Ellis,
  • Cameron Jack

摘要

The widespread use of mosquitocides raises concerns about unintended effects on non-target beneficial insects, particularly western honey bees (Apis mellifera). We assessed the acute and chronic toxicities of four active ingredients (chlorpyrifos, naled, prallethrin, and sumithrin) and their commercial formulations [the adulticides MMII® (chlorpyrifos), Dibrom® (naled), Duet® (prallethrin, sumithrin), and the larvicide Vectobac12AS® (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis)] to adult worker honey bees under laboratory conditions. For acute and chronic oral exposure, naled was the most toxic active ingredient (LD₅₀ = 0.00027 µg/bee, LC₅₀ = 0.012 µg/mL, respectively), while Dibrom® was the most toxic formulated product (LD₅₀ = 0.294 µg/bee, LC₅₀ = 1.529 µg/mL, respectively). For acute contact, MMII® (LD₅₀ = 0.036 µg/bee) and Dibrom® (LD₅₀ = 0.059 µg/bee) caused the greatest toxicity. Dibrom® presented the greatest risk to honey bees when delivered chronically via oral exposure. In contrast, Duet® and Vectobac12AS® exhibited low toxicity and risk to adult bees across all exposure routes. We also assessed sublethal effects of mosquitocide exposure on adult honey bees, but no consistent patterns emerged. Overall, these results highlight the need for integrated risk assessments combining lethal and sublethal endpoints to enhance prediction of the ecological risks posed by mosquito control products to honey bee health.