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<p>Lead (Pb<sup>2+</sup>) in water poses significant health risks, which require sensitive and cost-effective detection techniques. This study addresses this challenge by presenting a novel electrochemical sensor based on Fe-alginate metal–organic framework (Fe-alg-MOF) composite. This composite was prepared by leveraging the high iron content in acid mine drainage (AMD) to form Fe-alg-MOF composite via an in situ synthesis process. Characterization revealed a semi-amorphous material with irregularly shaped Fe-MOF particles embedded within the alginate network, and a surface area of 302.4 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The Fe-alg-MOF was incorporated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to fabricate a Fe-alg-MOF/PTFE/GCE sensor. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was employed for Pb<sup>2+</sup> detection at − 0.59&#xa0;V, achieving a detection limit of 1.0&#xa0;µM and a linear range of 4–50&#xa0;µM. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the sensor was demonstrated by high recovery rates (~ 100%) in real wastewater effluent samples. Compared to conventional sensors, this platform utilizes an AMD waste derived material, demonstrating significant potential as a cost-effective and reliable tool for monitoring lead contamination in environmental waters.</p>

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Electrochemical sensor based on iron-based metal-organic framework nanocomposite derived from acid mine drainage for the detection of lead (II) ions in water

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Ntombenhle Maria Masanabo,
  • Usisipho Feleni,
  • Richard Moutloali,
  • Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela,
  • Lueta-Ann de Kock

摘要

Lead (Pb2+) in water poses significant health risks, which require sensitive and cost-effective detection techniques. This study addresses this challenge by presenting a novel electrochemical sensor based on Fe-alginate metal–organic framework (Fe-alg-MOF) composite. This composite was prepared by leveraging the high iron content in acid mine drainage (AMD) to form Fe-alg-MOF composite via an in situ synthesis process. Characterization revealed a semi-amorphous material with irregularly shaped Fe-MOF particles embedded within the alginate network, and a surface area of 302.4 m2/g. The Fe-alg-MOF was incorporated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to fabricate a Fe-alg-MOF/PTFE/GCE sensor. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was employed for Pb2+ detection at − 0.59 V, achieving a detection limit of 1.0 µM and a linear range of 4–50 µM. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the sensor was demonstrated by high recovery rates (~ 100%) in real wastewater effluent samples. Compared to conventional sensors, this platform utilizes an AMD waste derived material, demonstrating significant potential as a cost-effective and reliable tool for monitoring lead contamination in environmental waters.