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<p>Indoor air pollution caused by fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) can be mitigated by indoor ornamental plants, however phytoremediation efficiency is limited by stress-induced declines in plant function. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are known to mediate plant-plant communication and induce stress resistance, but their role in PM<sub>2.5</sub> tolerance remains unexplored. Here, we investigated whether BVOCs enhance plant tolerance and PM<sub>2.5</sub> removal efficiency from cigarette smoke in <i>Episcia cupreata</i> (Gesneriaceae). Plants exposed to PM<sub>2.5</sub> exhibited reduced photosynthetic pigments and elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), indicating oxidative stress. PM<sub>2.5</sub>-stressed plants emitted distinct BVOCs profiles particularly monoterpenes, with limonene increasing 6.1-fold and eucalyptol 1.7-fold. Exogenous application of these volatiles demonstrated dose-dependent effects: optimal concentrations (25&#xa0;ppm) significantly accelerated PM<sub>2.5</sub> removal, mitigated oxidative damage, and maintained chlorophyll and carotenoid levels compared to non-primed controls. Metabolomics revealed that volatile monoterpenes priming upregulated zeatin biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, supporting cytokinin and osmoprotectants biosynthesis to prepare for PM<sub>2.5</sub> stress. Together, these findings demonstrate that, in <i>E. cupreata</i>, limonene and eucalyptol act as airborne chemical signals that enhance PM<sub>2.5</sub> phytoremediation capacity under cigarette smoke conditions by mitigating oxidative stress and promoting osmoprotection. This study provides the first evidence of BVOC-mediated enhancement of PM<sub>2.5</sub> removal by plants, suggesting that volatile monoterpenes priming is a promising strategy for improving indoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution mitigation using plant-based systems.</p>

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Volatile monoterpenes improve PM2.5 phytoremediation of cigarette smoke in Episcia cupreata (Gesneriaceae) by upregulation of cytokinins and osmoprotectants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Panruetai Mongkolnum,
  • Chairat Treesubsuntorn,
  • Arsan Promminta,
  • Sucheewin Krobthong,
  • Yodying Yingchutrakul,
  • Arnon Setsungnern

摘要

Indoor air pollution caused by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can be mitigated by indoor ornamental plants, however phytoremediation efficiency is limited by stress-induced declines in plant function. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are known to mediate plant-plant communication and induce stress resistance, but their role in PM2.5 tolerance remains unexplored. Here, we investigated whether BVOCs enhance plant tolerance and PM2.5 removal efficiency from cigarette smoke in Episcia cupreata (Gesneriaceae). Plants exposed to PM2.5 exhibited reduced photosynthetic pigments and elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), indicating oxidative stress. PM2.5-stressed plants emitted distinct BVOCs profiles particularly monoterpenes, with limonene increasing 6.1-fold and eucalyptol 1.7-fold. Exogenous application of these volatiles demonstrated dose-dependent effects: optimal concentrations (25 ppm) significantly accelerated PM2.5 removal, mitigated oxidative damage, and maintained chlorophyll and carotenoid levels compared to non-primed controls. Metabolomics revealed that volatile monoterpenes priming upregulated zeatin biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, supporting cytokinin and osmoprotectants biosynthesis to prepare for PM2.5 stress. Together, these findings demonstrate that, in E. cupreata, limonene and eucalyptol act as airborne chemical signals that enhance PM2.5 phytoremediation capacity under cigarette smoke conditions by mitigating oxidative stress and promoting osmoprotection. This study provides the first evidence of BVOC-mediated enhancement of PM2.5 removal by plants, suggesting that volatile monoterpenes priming is a promising strategy for improving indoor PM2.5 pollution mitigation using plant-based systems.