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<p>Groundwater resource utilization in many developing countries, including Ethiopia, is significantly constrained by limited information on its quality and quantity, often due to challenges associated with geophysical and hydrogeological assessments. In recent years, geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technologies have emerged as valuable tools for understanding the spatial distribution of groundwater resources, aiding in their planning, exploration, monitoring, and management. Thus, this study aims to delineate potential groundwater availability zones in the Angereb Watershed, located in northwestern Ethiopia, using a geospatial approach integrated with multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) and the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) model. Multiple thematic layers were prepared from various data sources, including Landsat 8 OLI, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), geological maps, soil, and rainfall data. Key factors influencing groundwater availability namely drainage density, lineament density, lithology, slope, soil type, mean annual rainfall, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were selected and weighted using the AHP model within ArcGIS 10.3. The analysis identified lithology, lineament density, slope, and drainage density as dominant factors, collectively accounting for approximately 85.3% of the influence on groundwater potential. The final groundwater potential index (GWPI) map categorized the study area into four zones: very high (0.1%; 546&#xa0;ha), high (12.5%; 93,404&#xa0;ha), medium (79.4%; 592,302&#xa0;ha), and low (8%; 59,818&#xa0;ha) potential. The high-potential zones were primarily located in the northwestern and southern regions, influenced largely by favorable geological and physiographic conditions. The predictive performance of the GWPI map was validated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) analysis, yielding an AUC value of 0.83, indicating strong model reliability. This study demonstrates that the integration of MCE with GIS and remote sensing techniques, supported by AHP, offers a cost-effective and reliable method for delineating groundwater potential zones and can serve as a valuable tool for groundwater management and planning in similar data-scarce environments.</p>

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Geospatial technologies and MCE technique–based assessment of groundwater potential in Angereb Watershed, Northwest Ethiopia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • Zemenu Awoke Andualem,
  • Ebrahim Esa Hassen

摘要

Groundwater resource utilization in many developing countries, including Ethiopia, is significantly constrained by limited information on its quality and quantity, often due to challenges associated with geophysical and hydrogeological assessments. In recent years, geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technologies have emerged as valuable tools for understanding the spatial distribution of groundwater resources, aiding in their planning, exploration, monitoring, and management. Thus, this study aims to delineate potential groundwater availability zones in the Angereb Watershed, located in northwestern Ethiopia, using a geospatial approach integrated with multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) and the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) model. Multiple thematic layers were prepared from various data sources, including Landsat 8 OLI, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), geological maps, soil, and rainfall data. Key factors influencing groundwater availability namely drainage density, lineament density, lithology, slope, soil type, mean annual rainfall, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were selected and weighted using the AHP model within ArcGIS 10.3. The analysis identified lithology, lineament density, slope, and drainage density as dominant factors, collectively accounting for approximately 85.3% of the influence on groundwater potential. The final groundwater potential index (GWPI) map categorized the study area into four zones: very high (0.1%; 546 ha), high (12.5%; 93,404 ha), medium (79.4%; 592,302 ha), and low (8%; 59,818 ha) potential. The high-potential zones were primarily located in the northwestern and southern regions, influenced largely by favorable geological and physiographic conditions. The predictive performance of the GWPI map was validated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) analysis, yielding an AUC value of 0.83, indicating strong model reliability. This study demonstrates that the integration of MCE with GIS and remote sensing techniques, supported by AHP, offers a cost-effective and reliable method for delineating groundwater potential zones and can serve as a valuable tool for groundwater management and planning in similar data-scarce environments.