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<p>The present study investigates the pyrolysis kinetics of raw (undigested) sewage sludge and evaluates the effect of three low-cost catalysts (CaO, MgO, and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>). The activation energies (Ea) were determined by means of the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method. The raw sludge displayed a three-phase Ea profile, which suggests sequential decomposition of heterogeneous biopolymers. Among the catalysts, CaO exhibited the most significant reduction in Ea within the medium conversion range (<i>α</i> ~ 0.4–0.7). The effect of MgO was found to be reaction stage-dependent, while Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was observed to increase Ea in the initial stages, thus potentially promoting condensation reactions. The findings provide a robust foundation for the direct pyrolysis of raw sludge with low-cost catalysts, a process that has been demonstrated to enhance energy recovery in a single step, thereby circumventing the losses that are typically associated with prior anaerobic digestion.</p>

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Direct pyrolysis of catalysed raw sewage sludge unlocks superior energy recovery: a kinetic evidence

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Alberto Palma López,
  • Susana Lozano Calvo,
  • Mercedes Ruiz-Montoya,
  • Manuel Jesús Díaz-Blanco

摘要

The present study investigates the pyrolysis kinetics of raw (undigested) sewage sludge and evaluates the effect of three low-cost catalysts (CaO, MgO, and Al2O3). The activation energies (Ea) were determined by means of the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method. The raw sludge displayed a three-phase Ea profile, which suggests sequential decomposition of heterogeneous biopolymers. Among the catalysts, CaO exhibited the most significant reduction in Ea within the medium conversion range (α ~ 0.4–0.7). The effect of MgO was found to be reaction stage-dependent, while Al2O3 was observed to increase Ea in the initial stages, thus potentially promoting condensation reactions. The findings provide a robust foundation for the direct pyrolysis of raw sludge with low-cost catalysts, a process that has been demonstrated to enhance energy recovery in a single step, thereby circumventing the losses that are typically associated with prior anaerobic digestion.