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<p>Co-composting fecal sludge and organic solid waste offers a sustainable solution to waste management challenges in developing nations like Bangladesh. This study evaluates the efficacy of co-composting two waste streams- organic solid waste and fecal sludge mixed in a 75:25 ratio&#xa0;using fecal sludge with two different maturity periods: 14 days and 6 months. Using a bench-scale setup, critical parameters such as pH, temperature, moisture content, electrical conductivity, and the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio were precisely monitored, while forced aeration was applied to optimize microbial activity and enhance the decomposition process. Results indicated that sludge maturity significantly influenced compost quality. Compost from sludge dried for 6 months showed superior degradation rates but&#xa0;had lower nutrient content than that from 14-day dried sludge. Across all reactors, pH ranged from 7.7 to 8.2, supporting microbial activity, while moisture content decreased by 20–23%, indicating effective decomposition. The 14-day sludge compost achieved higher nitrogen content (3.2%) and an ideal C/N ratio (15.34–15.55). Co-composting enhanced nutrient levels, with fecal sludge-amended compost containing up to 3.2% nitrogen, 9,855.4 ppm phosphorus, and 7,961.1 ppm potassium, outperforming organic waste alone. Pathogen reduction during the thermophilic phase met Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI) and WHO safety standards. Overall, this study demonstrates that co-composting fecal sludge with organic solid waste can produce nutrient-rich, safe soil conditioners, reduce waste transport costs, mitigate pollution, and improve soil health, offering a decentralized and sustainable waste management strategy for urban settings.</p>

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Influence of maturity stages on the optimization of fecal sludge and organic waste co-composting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • Rabeya Sultana,
  • Md. Sifat-E-Rabbana

摘要

Co-composting fecal sludge and organic solid waste offers a sustainable solution to waste management challenges in developing nations like Bangladesh. This study evaluates the efficacy of co-composting two waste streams- organic solid waste and fecal sludge mixed in a 75:25 ratio using fecal sludge with two different maturity periods: 14 days and 6 months. Using a bench-scale setup, critical parameters such as pH, temperature, moisture content, electrical conductivity, and the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio were precisely monitored, while forced aeration was applied to optimize microbial activity and enhance the decomposition process. Results indicated that sludge maturity significantly influenced compost quality. Compost from sludge dried for 6 months showed superior degradation rates but had lower nutrient content than that from 14-day dried sludge. Across all reactors, pH ranged from 7.7 to 8.2, supporting microbial activity, while moisture content decreased by 20–23%, indicating effective decomposition. The 14-day sludge compost achieved higher nitrogen content (3.2%) and an ideal C/N ratio (15.34–15.55). Co-composting enhanced nutrient levels, with fecal sludge-amended compost containing up to 3.2% nitrogen, 9,855.4 ppm phosphorus, and 7,961.1 ppm potassium, outperforming organic waste alone. Pathogen reduction during the thermophilic phase met Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI) and WHO safety standards. Overall, this study demonstrates that co-composting fecal sludge with organic solid waste can produce nutrient-rich, safe soil conditioners, reduce waste transport costs, mitigate pollution, and improve soil health, offering a decentralized and sustainable waste management strategy for urban settings.