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<p>The abandoned bauxite mine (ABM) soil is a major global environmental issue. ABM soil is nutrient-deficient and abundant with several contaminants, hefty metals (HMs). Therefore, restoring ABM soil with suitable plants is of utmost concern in terms of both economic and environmental benefits. <i>Jatropha curcas</i> (JC) and <i>Chrysopogon zizanioides</i> (CZ) are effective in phyto‑stabilization of contaminated and mining‑affected soils, offering significant benefits such as climate resilience, energy production, erosion control, and prevention of leaching. The present study investigates the effects of JC and CZ grown in ABM soil. JC and CZ were examined for overall growth performance, biochemical response, antioxidant compounds, metal tolerance of HMs and enhancement of overall soil quality after cultivation. The study was carried out for 120&#xa0;days using ABM soil amended with different ratios of garden soil (GS). The treatments taken were T0 (100% GS) as control, T1 (75% GS + 25% ABM soil), T2 (50% GS + 50% ABM soil), T3 (25% GS + 75% ABM soil) and T4 (100% ABM soil), completely randomized design with 4 replications adopted. There was a highest shoot length (45.5&#xa0;cm) in JC, young and mature leaves (4.25 and 15), and basal diameter (13.11&#xa0;mm) in T2. In CZ. The highest shoot length was in T1 (109.63&#xa0;cm), and the number of tillers increased steadily, reaching 3.75 (T1). The above- and below-ground biomass of JC and CZ increased the most in T2 (6.44% and 16.95%) and T1 (5.08% and 11.94%), respectively, compared to the control. JC and CZ accessions exhibited more or less a significant increase (p &lt; 0.05) in defence mechanisms, including proline, malonaldehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities when exposed to different amendments of ABM soil. After cultivation of JC and CZ, overall soil nutrients improved, and HMs concentrations decreased across treatments. In JC, Al, Fe and Mn showed strong negative correlations with carbohydrate and protein contents (p &lt; 0.01; p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn were negatively correlated with CAT (p &lt; 0.05). In CZ, Al, Fe, Cr and Ni exhibited significant negative correlations with total chlorophyll, carotenoids, carbohydrates and proteins (p &lt; 0.01).</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Phytoremediation of abandoned bauxite mine soil using Jatropha curcas and Chrysopogon zizanioides

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Khushbu Kumari,
  • Balram Ambade,
  • Kuldeep Bauddh

摘要

The abandoned bauxite mine (ABM) soil is a major global environmental issue. ABM soil is nutrient-deficient and abundant with several contaminants, hefty metals (HMs). Therefore, restoring ABM soil with suitable plants is of utmost concern in terms of both economic and environmental benefits. Jatropha curcas (JC) and Chrysopogon zizanioides (CZ) are effective in phyto‑stabilization of contaminated and mining‑affected soils, offering significant benefits such as climate resilience, energy production, erosion control, and prevention of leaching. The present study investigates the effects of JC and CZ grown in ABM soil. JC and CZ were examined for overall growth performance, biochemical response, antioxidant compounds, metal tolerance of HMs and enhancement of overall soil quality after cultivation. The study was carried out for 120 days using ABM soil amended with different ratios of garden soil (GS). The treatments taken were T0 (100% GS) as control, T1 (75% GS + 25% ABM soil), T2 (50% GS + 50% ABM soil), T3 (25% GS + 75% ABM soil) and T4 (100% ABM soil), completely randomized design with 4 replications adopted. There was a highest shoot length (45.5 cm) in JC, young and mature leaves (4.25 and 15), and basal diameter (13.11 mm) in T2. In CZ. The highest shoot length was in T1 (109.63 cm), and the number of tillers increased steadily, reaching 3.75 (T1). The above- and below-ground biomass of JC and CZ increased the most in T2 (6.44% and 16.95%) and T1 (5.08% and 11.94%), respectively, compared to the control. JC and CZ accessions exhibited more or less a significant increase (p < 0.05) in defence mechanisms, including proline, malonaldehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities when exposed to different amendments of ABM soil. After cultivation of JC and CZ, overall soil nutrients improved, and HMs concentrations decreased across treatments. In JC, Al, Fe and Mn showed strong negative correlations with carbohydrate and protein contents (p < 0.01; p < 0.05). Additionally, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn were negatively correlated with CAT (p < 0.05). In CZ, Al, Fe, Cr and Ni exhibited significant negative correlations with total chlorophyll, carotenoids, carbohydrates and proteins (p < 0.01).

Graphical Abstract