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<p>Soil salinization significantly hampers global food production, posing a serious threat to food security. Biochar and boiler ash, byproducts of the oil palm industry, have shown potential as soil amendments to enhance soil quality and support plant growth under saline soils. This study evaluated the effects of biochar and boiler ash on the growth performance of <i>Amaranthus viridis</i> cultivated in saline soil. Plants were subjected to four treatments: saline soil (SS) without amendments (control), SS with NPK fertilizer (N), SS with NPK and biochar (BCN), and SS with NPK and boiler ash (BAN). Among the salt-stressed plants, those grown with BAN exhibited the highest plant height, leaf count, leaf width, SPAD value, and fresh and dry biomass, followed by those in the BCN treatment. Biochar application reduced the EC of the saline soil, while both biochar and boiler ash increased soil pH. Control plants recorded the lowest levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. On the other hand, pigment contents were significantly improved in salt-stressed plants treated with biochar and boiler ash. BAN-treated plants showed the highest chlorophyll b levels, while BCN-treated plants exhibited the highest carotenoid and chlorophyll a levels. Furthermore, biochar and boiler ash supplementation reduced oxidative stress markers (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and MDA) while enhancing antioxidant defenses, including proline, ascorbic acid, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and secondary metabolites such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. These findings suggest that biochar and boiler ash, when combined with NPK fertilizer, serve as effective soil amendments for mitigating salt stress and enhancing plant growth and physiological resilience in saline environments.</p>

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Circular economy in action: palm oil kernel biochar and boiler ash enhance growth of Amaranthus viridis via ROS-induced antioxidants modulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob,
  • Muskan Sheba,
  • Guan Cong Lee,
  • Rosazlin Abdullah,
  • Lili Syahani Rusli,
  • Qazi Fariduddin,
  • Laavanya Nyanasaigran,
  • Nur Sa’adah Abdul Halim,
  • Abdullah Abdul Rahman,
  • Noor Sharina Mohd Rosli

摘要

Soil salinization significantly hampers global food production, posing a serious threat to food security. Biochar and boiler ash, byproducts of the oil palm industry, have shown potential as soil amendments to enhance soil quality and support plant growth under saline soils. This study evaluated the effects of biochar and boiler ash on the growth performance of Amaranthus viridis cultivated in saline soil. Plants were subjected to four treatments: saline soil (SS) without amendments (control), SS with NPK fertilizer (N), SS with NPK and biochar (BCN), and SS with NPK and boiler ash (BAN). Among the salt-stressed plants, those grown with BAN exhibited the highest plant height, leaf count, leaf width, SPAD value, and fresh and dry biomass, followed by those in the BCN treatment. Biochar application reduced the EC of the saline soil, while both biochar and boiler ash increased soil pH. Control plants recorded the lowest levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. On the other hand, pigment contents were significantly improved in salt-stressed plants treated with biochar and boiler ash. BAN-treated plants showed the highest chlorophyll b levels, while BCN-treated plants exhibited the highest carotenoid and chlorophyll a levels. Furthermore, biochar and boiler ash supplementation reduced oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and MDA) while enhancing antioxidant defenses, including proline, ascorbic acid, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and secondary metabolites such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. These findings suggest that biochar and boiler ash, when combined with NPK fertilizer, serve as effective soil amendments for mitigating salt stress and enhancing plant growth and physiological resilience in saline environments.