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<p>The development of effective ways and new molluscicides for snail management are currently priority goals to reduce agricultural and financial losses. Saponin is a type of secondary plant metabolites that has greater potential because it is eco-friendly, biodegradable, cost-effective and has a broad spectrum of promising biological activities. Therefore, for the first time, this study investigated the molluscicidal and biochemical effects of soyasaponin on the land snail, <i>Theba pisana</i>. The results showed that saponin had a contact molluscicidal potential against <i>T. pisana</i> with LD<sub>50</sub> = 262.76, 213.05, and 166.11&#xa0;μg/g body weight after 24, 48, and 72&#xa0;h of treatment, respectively. Using two sublethal doses, saponin increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity post exposure to 1/50 LD<sub>50</sub> for 24, 48, and 72&#xa0;h, whereas an inhibition was observed after exposure to 1/2 LD<sub>50</sub>. Both doses led to a significant elevation in glutathione-<i>S</i>-transferase (GST) activity after 24 and 48&#xa0;h. γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) activity was significantly higher at both doses compared to control after all exposure intervals. Moreover, a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was occurred following exposure to both tested doses, except after 72&#xa0;h of exposure to 1/2 LD<sub>50</sub>. At all exposure times, there was a significant augmentation in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, except for low dose post 24&#xa0;h. Saponin-treated snails exhibited higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity compared to control group. It also elicited an elevation in glucose level, whereas an opposite effect was occurred in cholesterol level post 24, 48, and 72&#xa0;h of exposure to both saponin doses. Overall, saponin showed a promising toxicity, suggesting that it could be used as an effective natural alternative for synthetic molluscicides. Our findings also provide a novel insight into how biochemical alterations can be exploited to explore the mechanism underlying saponin toxicity against land snails.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Highlighting the impact of soyasaponin on the snail Theba pisana: Emphasis on the contact toxicity and biochemical perturbations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月10日

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  • Gaber M. Abdelgalil,
  • Amira F. Gad,
  • Dalia A. El-Deeb

摘要

The development of effective ways and new molluscicides for snail management are currently priority goals to reduce agricultural and financial losses. Saponin is a type of secondary plant metabolites that has greater potential because it is eco-friendly, biodegradable, cost-effective and has a broad spectrum of promising biological activities. Therefore, for the first time, this study investigated the molluscicidal and biochemical effects of soyasaponin on the land snail, Theba pisana. The results showed that saponin had a contact molluscicidal potential against T. pisana with LD50 = 262.76, 213.05, and 166.11 μg/g body weight after 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment, respectively. Using two sublethal doses, saponin increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity post exposure to 1/50 LD50 for 24, 48, and 72 h, whereas an inhibition was observed after exposure to 1/2 LD50. Both doses led to a significant elevation in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity after 24 and 48 h. γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) activity was significantly higher at both doses compared to control after all exposure intervals. Moreover, a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was occurred following exposure to both tested doses, except after 72 h of exposure to 1/2 LD50. At all exposure times, there was a significant augmentation in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, except for low dose post 24 h. Saponin-treated snails exhibited higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity compared to control group. It also elicited an elevation in glucose level, whereas an opposite effect was occurred in cholesterol level post 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure to both saponin doses. Overall, saponin showed a promising toxicity, suggesting that it could be used as an effective natural alternative for synthetic molluscicides. Our findings also provide a novel insight into how biochemical alterations can be exploited to explore the mechanism underlying saponin toxicity against land snails.

Graphical Abstract