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<p>This research was to exhibit the pollution characteristic of surface sediments taken from the Golden Horn (Halic) estuary in terms of thirty-five chlorinated persistent organic pollutants<b> (</b>CI-POPs), to reveal the potential risks to ecological and human health. The concentrations of total organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the sediments along the estuary varied from 14.4 (site AA) to 24.3&#xa0;ng/g d.w. (site GK), with a mean concentration of 19.4 ± 2.85&#xa0;ng/g d.w. With a few exceptions, p,p-DDD (2.05–4.38&#xa0;ng/g), p,p-DDE (1.40–4.89&#xa0;ng/g d.w), Alpha-HCH (1.92–2.71&#xa0;ng/g d.w), and p,p-DDT (1.55–2.34&#xa0;ng/g d.w) are the predominant OCPs. The presences of Dicofol, Mirex, Cis chlordane, Cis nonachlor, Oxychlordane, Trans chlordane, and Trans nonachlor were not found in any of the samples. Alpha-HCH (2.42&#xa0;ng/g) is the most abundant in the samples with 56.7% of the total HCH. The proportions of some HCH isomers indicated that the effect of weathered technical HCH was dominant in the surface sediments and that there was no new HCH input. The average proportion of each compound in total drins was Aldrin (28.0%), Endrin (50.4%), and Dieldrin (21.6%). The amounts of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in those sediments changed from 13.5 (site HK) to 25.5&#xa0;ng/g d.w (site GK), with a mean concentration of 18.0 ± 3.12&#xa0;ng/g d.w. PCB 153, PCB 138, PCB 118, and PCB 28 were detected most frequently. The concentrations of some OCPs such as p,p-DDD, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDT, and Dieldrin at a few sampling points and ∑PCB at site GK exceed the effect range low (ERL) and threshold effect level (TEL) limits. These results pose a considerable toxic risk to aquatic organisms and demonstrate that adverse biological effects on these organisms are anticipated to happen rarely. With the exception of Delta-HCH, the HQ and HI values of thirty-five Cl-POPs do not suggest the possibility of non-carcinogenic risks for both adults and children. The risk of carcinogenic danger for adults is very low or even negligible.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Presence, distribution, and potential risk assessments of thirty-five chlorinated persistent organic pollutants (Cl-POPs), including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in surface sediments of the Golden Horn (Halic) estuary, Sea of Marmara, Istanbul, Türkiye

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Barış Güzel,
  • Ertuğrul Aslan

摘要

This research was to exhibit the pollution characteristic of surface sediments taken from the Golden Horn (Halic) estuary in terms of thirty-five chlorinated persistent organic pollutants (CI-POPs), to reveal the potential risks to ecological and human health. The concentrations of total organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the sediments along the estuary varied from 14.4 (site AA) to 24.3 ng/g d.w. (site GK), with a mean concentration of 19.4 ± 2.85 ng/g d.w. With a few exceptions, p,p-DDD (2.05–4.38 ng/g), p,p-DDE (1.40–4.89 ng/g d.w), Alpha-HCH (1.92–2.71 ng/g d.w), and p,p-DDT (1.55–2.34 ng/g d.w) are the predominant OCPs. The presences of Dicofol, Mirex, Cis chlordane, Cis nonachlor, Oxychlordane, Trans chlordane, and Trans nonachlor were not found in any of the samples. Alpha-HCH (2.42 ng/g) is the most abundant in the samples with 56.7% of the total HCH. The proportions of some HCH isomers indicated that the effect of weathered technical HCH was dominant in the surface sediments and that there was no new HCH input. The average proportion of each compound in total drins was Aldrin (28.0%), Endrin (50.4%), and Dieldrin (21.6%). The amounts of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in those sediments changed from 13.5 (site HK) to 25.5 ng/g d.w (site GK), with a mean concentration of 18.0 ± 3.12 ng/g d.w. PCB 153, PCB 138, PCB 118, and PCB 28 were detected most frequently. The concentrations of some OCPs such as p,p-DDD, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDT, and Dieldrin at a few sampling points and ∑PCB at site GK exceed the effect range low (ERL) and threshold effect level (TEL) limits. These results pose a considerable toxic risk to aquatic organisms and demonstrate that adverse biological effects on these organisms are anticipated to happen rarely. With the exception of Delta-HCH, the HQ and HI values of thirty-five Cl-POPs do not suggest the possibility of non-carcinogenic risks for both adults and children. The risk of carcinogenic danger for adults is very low or even negligible.

Graphical Abstract