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<p>Huge fish scale waste accumulation in the marketplace and the fishing industry is awkwardly challenging due to the pungent odor arising from trimethylamine N-oxide. Moreover, continuous release of toxic dyes from industries as effluents seriously endangers human health and aquatic ecosystems. In line with the waste-to-best protocol, an advanced material, namely polyaniline decorated fish scale biochar (PANI@FSB) composite, was prepared and employed for dual purposes. PANI@FSB was confirmed through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX), pH<sub>zpc</sub><sub>,</sub> and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). As a bactericide, it acts upon <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) with 76.7% and&#xa0;94.4% destruction efficiencies, as confirmed by the colony counting method. Targeted membrane breakdown augments cell lysis, resulting in destruction. Besides, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from PANI@FSB may potentially oxidize the deoxynucleotide pool. Moreover, PANI@FSB rapidly scavenges Eriochrome black T (EBT) dye from wastewater. PANI@FSB could scavenge 94.573&#xa0;mg/g of EBT dye at 500&#xa0;mg/L concentration following the Freundlich isotherm model (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.998) and pseudo-second-order (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.999) model. 77.26% regeneration was obtained in methanol to re-establish the composite for 5 cycles. Favorably, the PANI@FSB displayed well in real wastewater over previously demonstrated materials. The long-hankered disposal issue was resolved with a second-generation adsorbent whose efficacy has been mapped with 73% dye removal efficiency.</p>

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Integrated thermo-chemical embedment of waste fish-scale onto polyaniline matrix to destroy bacteria with simultaneous wastewater abatement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月7日

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  • Priyanka Priyadarsini Samal,
  • Adrija Ghosh,
  • Debashmita Mandal,
  • Md. Atif Qaiyum,
  • Saumyashree Nayak,
  • Banashree Dey,
  • Soumen Dey

摘要

Huge fish scale waste accumulation in the marketplace and the fishing industry is awkwardly challenging due to the pungent odor arising from trimethylamine N-oxide. Moreover, continuous release of toxic dyes from industries as effluents seriously endangers human health and aquatic ecosystems. In line with the waste-to-best protocol, an advanced material, namely polyaniline decorated fish scale biochar (PANI@FSB) composite, was prepared and employed for dual purposes. PANI@FSB was confirmed through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX), pHzpc, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). As a bactericide, it acts upon Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) with 76.7% and 94.4% destruction efficiencies, as confirmed by the colony counting method. Targeted membrane breakdown augments cell lysis, resulting in destruction. Besides, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from PANI@FSB may potentially oxidize the deoxynucleotide pool. Moreover, PANI@FSB rapidly scavenges Eriochrome black T (EBT) dye from wastewater. PANI@FSB could scavenge 94.573 mg/g of EBT dye at 500 mg/L concentration following the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.998) and pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.999) model. 77.26% regeneration was obtained in methanol to re-establish the composite for 5 cycles. Favorably, the PANI@FSB displayed well in real wastewater over previously demonstrated materials. The long-hankered disposal issue was resolved with a second-generation adsorbent whose efficacy has been mapped with 73% dye removal efficiency.