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<p>A large portion of industrial wastewater containing synthetic dyes is discharged into the environment without any treatment. Because of their resistance to natural degradation, adsorption techniques have proven to be a promising method for dye removal, offering high efficiency, low cost, and operational simplicity. In this study, a PANI-based composite incorporating magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) was synthesized and characterized by N<sub>2</sub> adsorption–desorption at 77&#xa0;K, SEM, FTIR, XRD, DLS and zeta potential. The removal of Remazol Black B (RBB) dye was evaluated by testing the effects of adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, temperature, and pH. Adsorption studies indicated optimal removal with 1.0&#xa0;g L<sup>−1</sup> of adsorbent and an initial dye concentration of 40&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>. The maximum removal efficiency of RBB reached 94.73% at a temperature of 50&#xa0;°C. Thermodynamic analyses suggested that adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic, and involved both physical and chemical interactions. The equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 54.37&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> for RBB at 328&#xa0;K. Non-linear kinetic modeling revealed the best fit to the pseudo-second-order model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.958). Regeneration studies showed that the adsorbent maintained high adsorption efficiency over four tested cycles. These results highlight the potential of the composite for application in the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.</p>

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Synthesis and evaluation of PANI/Fe3O4 composite for remazol black b removal: characterization, thermodynamics, kinetics, and equilibrium studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • Beatriz Silva Ojaimi,
  • Dayane Caroline Tenório e Silva,
  • Milena Fernandes da Silva,
  • James Correia de Melo,
  • Paulo Henrique Miranda de Farias,
  • Rafael Araújo Melo,
  • Eliane Bezerra de Moraes Medeiros,
  • Nelson Medeiros de Lima Filho

摘要

A large portion of industrial wastewater containing synthetic dyes is discharged into the environment without any treatment. Because of their resistance to natural degradation, adsorption techniques have proven to be a promising method for dye removal, offering high efficiency, low cost, and operational simplicity. In this study, a PANI-based composite incorporating magnetite (Fe3O4) was synthesized and characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K, SEM, FTIR, XRD, DLS and zeta potential. The removal of Remazol Black B (RBB) dye was evaluated by testing the effects of adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, temperature, and pH. Adsorption studies indicated optimal removal with 1.0 g L−1 of adsorbent and an initial dye concentration of 40 mg L−1. The maximum removal efficiency of RBB reached 94.73% at a temperature of 50 °C. Thermodynamic analyses suggested that adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic, and involved both physical and chemical interactions. The equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 54.37 mg g−1 for RBB at 328 K. Non-linear kinetic modeling revealed the best fit to the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.958). Regeneration studies showed that the adsorbent maintained high adsorption efficiency over four tested cycles. These results highlight the potential of the composite for application in the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.