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<p>Ports are crucial coastal areas, constantly exposed to contaminants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Maritime activities in the Red Sea, mainly through the Suez Canal, are vital for global trade, with its ports being among the busiest worldwide. This study assessed PAHs in the surficial sediments of six northern Red Sea ports, focusing on sediment quality, toxicity, sources, and factors affecting PAH accumulation. The average concentrations of ∑16PAHs showed the following order: Al-Zaitiya port (558 ng/g dw) &gt; Port Tawfiq (535 ng/g dw) &gt; Safaga port (205 ng/g dw) &gt; Nuweiba port (178 ng/g dw) &gt; Hurghada port (156 ng/g dw) &gt; Sharm El Sheikh port (153 ng/g dw). Port activity and structure were key factors influencing PAH levels. Diagnostic ratios indicated that most PAHs originated from pyrogenic sources, with some stations showing petrogenic origins. The principal component analysis supported these findings. Sediment quality guidelines (SQG) suggested occasional adverse effects. Port Tawfiq had the highest toxic equivalent (TEQ) and mutagenic equivalent (MEQ) quotients, with 72.15 ng TEQ/g dw and 69.53 ng MEQ/g dw, respectively. In contrast, Sharm El Sheikh port showed the lowest values (27.27 ng TEQ/g dw and 25.22 ng MEQ/g dw). Under these criteria, sediments from all six investigated ports are classified within the safe range, reflecting low potential for toxic and mutagenic effects.</p>

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Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surficial sediments of northern Red Sea ports: sources, distribution, and ecotoxicological risk

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月1日

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  • Amr El-Maradny,
  • Islam M. Radwan,
  • Mohamed Amer,
  • Manal G. Mahmoud,
  • Mohamed I. A. Ibrahim,
  • Mamdouh A. Fahmy,
  • Laila A. Mohamed

摘要

Ports are crucial coastal areas, constantly exposed to contaminants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Maritime activities in the Red Sea, mainly through the Suez Canal, are vital for global trade, with its ports being among the busiest worldwide. This study assessed PAHs in the surficial sediments of six northern Red Sea ports, focusing on sediment quality, toxicity, sources, and factors affecting PAH accumulation. The average concentrations of ∑16PAHs showed the following order: Al-Zaitiya port (558 ng/g dw) > Port Tawfiq (535 ng/g dw) > Safaga port (205 ng/g dw) > Nuweiba port (178 ng/g dw) > Hurghada port (156 ng/g dw) > Sharm El Sheikh port (153 ng/g dw). Port activity and structure were key factors influencing PAH levels. Diagnostic ratios indicated that most PAHs originated from pyrogenic sources, with some stations showing petrogenic origins. The principal component analysis supported these findings. Sediment quality guidelines (SQG) suggested occasional adverse effects. Port Tawfiq had the highest toxic equivalent (TEQ) and mutagenic equivalent (MEQ) quotients, with 72.15 ng TEQ/g dw and 69.53 ng MEQ/g dw, respectively. In contrast, Sharm El Sheikh port showed the lowest values (27.27 ng TEQ/g dw and 25.22 ng MEQ/g dw). Under these criteria, sediments from all six investigated ports are classified within the safe range, reflecting low potential for toxic and mutagenic effects.