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<p>Ce<sup>3</sup>⁺- and Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺-modified chitosan were developed as sustainable bio-based adsorbents for thiophene removal from a model fuel. Structural analysis showed that Ce<sup>3</sup>⁺ preserved chitosan crystallinity, while Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺ induced partial amorphization. Ce-chitosan achieved a higher adsorption capacity (13.82&#xa0;mg S·g<sup>−1</sup>) than Cu-chitosan (9.94&#xa0;mg S·g<sup>−1</sup>), with kinetics following a pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic analysis revealed a large negative enthalpy change (–136.9&#xa0;kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>) for Ce-chitosan, confirming an exothermic chemisorption process, whereas Cu-chitosan exhibited less favorable energetics. Ce-chitosan also retained 88.9% of its capacity in the presence of competing heterocycles and 77.6% after five regeneration cycles, highlighting its efficiency, selectivity, and reusability. These findings establish Ce-chitosan as a promising green adsorbent for sustainable fuel desulfurization.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Efficient and selective desulfurization of a model fuel using a reusable chitosan-based adsorbent

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月1日

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  • Siamak Zavareh,
  • Yusif R. A. Doori

摘要

Ce3⁺- and Cu2⁺-modified chitosan were developed as sustainable bio-based adsorbents for thiophene removal from a model fuel. Structural analysis showed that Ce3⁺ preserved chitosan crystallinity, while Cu2⁺ induced partial amorphization. Ce-chitosan achieved a higher adsorption capacity (13.82 mg S·g−1) than Cu-chitosan (9.94 mg S·g−1), with kinetics following a pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic analysis revealed a large negative enthalpy change (–136.9 kJ·mol−1) for Ce-chitosan, confirming an exothermic chemisorption process, whereas Cu-chitosan exhibited less favorable energetics. Ce-chitosan also retained 88.9% of its capacity in the presence of competing heterocycles and 77.6% after five regeneration cycles, highlighting its efficiency, selectivity, and reusability. These findings establish Ce-chitosan as a promising green adsorbent for sustainable fuel desulfurization.

Graphical abstract