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<p>This study proposes an efficient single-step treatment of lake water and municipal wastewater using an indigenously developed single-slope solar still with energy storage material. Two water sources are considered: (1) lake water, treated using both conventional (CSS-LW) and modified (MSS-LW) solar stills; and (2) municipal wastewater, treated with conventional (CSS-MWW) and modified (MSS-MWW) solar stills. The performance of solar still is experimentally analyzed and compared within the environmental conditions of Silchar, India (24.758°N, 92.792°E). The study evaluated the cumulative distillate output, energy and exergy efficiency, cost analysis, environmental impact, and water quality assessment of the solar stills. The total daily freshwater yield obtained from lake water distillation using MSS-LW is 4310.3&#xa0;mL/day, representing a 38.7% increase compared to CSS-LW. Similarly, for municipal wastewater distillation, MSS-MWW yields 4180.2&#xa0;mL/day, which is 36.8% higher than CSS-MWW. The energy efficiency for MSS-LW and MSS-MWW is 42.6%, and 40.85%, respectively, whereas the corresponding exergy efficiency is 3.92% and 3.84%. The CPL (cost per Liter) for MSS-LW is $0.011/L, while for MSS-MWW, it is $0.012/L, making both more cost-effective than CSS. Additionally, carbon credit savings improved by 38.5% for MSS-LW and 35.2% for MSS-MWW. The distilled water is clear and bacteria-free but have residual odor, making it suitable for irrigation and other non-potable uses and requires further treatment before domestic use. The results show that solar desalination is a sustainable wastewater treatment method, where thermal storage improves yield, lowers CO₂ emissions, and enhances cost-effectiveness.</p>

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An experimental investigation on sustainable desalination of lake and municipal wastewater using a thermal storage–assisted single-slope solar still

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月1日

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  • Vishwanath Kumar,
  • Biplab Das,
  • Rajat Gupta,
  • Pranjal Prasad Newar

摘要

This study proposes an efficient single-step treatment of lake water and municipal wastewater using an indigenously developed single-slope solar still with energy storage material. Two water sources are considered: (1) lake water, treated using both conventional (CSS-LW) and modified (MSS-LW) solar stills; and (2) municipal wastewater, treated with conventional (CSS-MWW) and modified (MSS-MWW) solar stills. The performance of solar still is experimentally analyzed and compared within the environmental conditions of Silchar, India (24.758°N, 92.792°E). The study evaluated the cumulative distillate output, energy and exergy efficiency, cost analysis, environmental impact, and water quality assessment of the solar stills. The total daily freshwater yield obtained from lake water distillation using MSS-LW is 4310.3 mL/day, representing a 38.7% increase compared to CSS-LW. Similarly, for municipal wastewater distillation, MSS-MWW yields 4180.2 mL/day, which is 36.8% higher than CSS-MWW. The energy efficiency for MSS-LW and MSS-MWW is 42.6%, and 40.85%, respectively, whereas the corresponding exergy efficiency is 3.92% and 3.84%. The CPL (cost per Liter) for MSS-LW is $0.011/L, while for MSS-MWW, it is $0.012/L, making both more cost-effective than CSS. Additionally, carbon credit savings improved by 38.5% for MSS-LW and 35.2% for MSS-MWW. The distilled water is clear and bacteria-free but have residual odor, making it suitable for irrigation and other non-potable uses and requires further treatment before domestic use. The results show that solar desalination is a sustainable wastewater treatment method, where thermal storage improves yield, lowers CO₂ emissions, and enhances cost-effectiveness.