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<p>A photocatalyst (TiSW/MBC) was developed based on recycled metal bottle caps (MBC) that were coated with TiO<sub>2</sub> nanospheres (TiS) modified with 5 wt.% of tungsten (TiSW) by spin coating. The chemical composition of the samples was analyzed by EDS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. SEM images displayed spherical morphology with an average size of 166&#xa0;nm and a thickness coating of 190&#xa0;µm for the TiSW and TiSW/MBC, respectively. The XRD analysis of the crystal structure of TiSW revealed the presence of tungsten oxide. Hence, there was a reduction of the bandgap for the TiSW/MBC of up to 0.42&#xa0;eV compared with the commercial TiO<sub>2</sub>. Besides, the photocatalytic efficiency for the TiSW and TiSW/MBC was evaluated in the degradation of fomesafen (FOME) herbicide, reaching 88.48 and 93.56% after 240&#xa0;min under UV light irradiation, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of TiSW/MBC was 10.58% more efficient than TiSW after 3 reuses. In addition, the scavenger tests determined that the hydroxyl radicals were the main oxidizing species. According to all these data, the TiSW/MBC can be considered a novel and sustainable photocatalyst for the removal of FOME herbicide from water.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Novel and sustainable photo-active TiO2:WO3 composite immobilized on recycled metal bottle caps for the removal of persistent fomesafen herbicide

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Pável César Hernández-Del Castillo,
  • Silvia Mares-Barbosa,
  • Vicente Rodríguez-González

摘要

A photocatalyst (TiSW/MBC) was developed based on recycled metal bottle caps (MBC) that were coated with TiO2 nanospheres (TiS) modified with 5 wt.% of tungsten (TiSW) by spin coating. The chemical composition of the samples was analyzed by EDS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. SEM images displayed spherical morphology with an average size of 166 nm and a thickness coating of 190 µm for the TiSW and TiSW/MBC, respectively. The XRD analysis of the crystal structure of TiSW revealed the presence of tungsten oxide. Hence, there was a reduction of the bandgap for the TiSW/MBC of up to 0.42 eV compared with the commercial TiO2. Besides, the photocatalytic efficiency for the TiSW and TiSW/MBC was evaluated in the degradation of fomesafen (FOME) herbicide, reaching 88.48 and 93.56% after 240 min under UV light irradiation, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of TiSW/MBC was 10.58% more efficient than TiSW after 3 reuses. In addition, the scavenger tests determined that the hydroxyl radicals were the main oxidizing species. According to all these data, the TiSW/MBC can be considered a novel and sustainable photocatalyst for the removal of FOME herbicide from water.

Graphical Abstract