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<p>This study is aimed at investigating the solar-powered electrocoagulation (SPEC) system with rotating anodes and ring cathodes of iron and aluminum for treating simulated tannery wastewater. The response surface methodology (RSM) is utilized to optimize the process parameters such as pH (2–10), current intensity (0.4–1.2 A), and electrolysis time (5–25&#xa0;min) to enhance the efficacy of the SPEC system. The maximum removal efficiencies of 94.1% for COD and 96.2% for Cr(VI) with the aluminum electrode SPEC system at optimized conditions of pH = 6, an applied current = 1.2 A (current density = 3.18&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>) and time duration = 21&#xa0;min, and 86.5% for COD and 94.3% for Cr(VI) with the iron electrodes SPEC system at optimized conditions of pH = 6, an applied current = 1.2 A, and time duration = 22&#xa0;min are investigated. Out of the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Sips, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equilibrium isotherm models applied, the SPEC COD and Cr(VI) removal follow the Sips isotherms. In the kinetic study, the adsorption rate of COD and Cr(VI) on electrocoagulants mostly followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The results of the economic analysis reveal that the solar-powered EC treatment reduced operational costs to 0.30 US$/m<sup>3</sup> for Al and 0.20 US$/m<sup>3</sup> for Fe, corresponding to 34% and 44% savings compared to conventional methods. XRD and FTIR studies revealed the presence of metal hydroxides and organic compounds in the sludge produced during the EC process. This novel, intensified solar-powered EC reactor with rotating anodes may provide a sustainable and cost-effective solution for tannery wastewater treatment, with shortening treatment time, lowering energy demand, enhancing mass transfer, and minimizing electrode passivation.</p>

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Performance evaluation of a solar-powered electrocoagulation treatment of tannery wastewater with rotating electrodes of aluminum and iron: response surface methodology optimization, equilibrium isotherms, kinetics, and economic feasibility

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Rishi Kumar Verma,
  • Sushil Kumar

摘要

This study is aimed at investigating the solar-powered electrocoagulation (SPEC) system with rotating anodes and ring cathodes of iron and aluminum for treating simulated tannery wastewater. The response surface methodology (RSM) is utilized to optimize the process parameters such as pH (2–10), current intensity (0.4–1.2 A), and electrolysis time (5–25 min) to enhance the efficacy of the SPEC system. The maximum removal efficiencies of 94.1% for COD and 96.2% for Cr(VI) with the aluminum electrode SPEC system at optimized conditions of pH = 6, an applied current = 1.2 A (current density = 3.18 mA/cm2) and time duration = 21 min, and 86.5% for COD and 94.3% for Cr(VI) with the iron electrodes SPEC system at optimized conditions of pH = 6, an applied current = 1.2 A, and time duration = 22 min are investigated. Out of the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Sips, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equilibrium isotherm models applied, the SPEC COD and Cr(VI) removal follow the Sips isotherms. In the kinetic study, the adsorption rate of COD and Cr(VI) on electrocoagulants mostly followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The results of the economic analysis reveal that the solar-powered EC treatment reduced operational costs to 0.30 US$/m3 for Al and 0.20 US$/m3 for Fe, corresponding to 34% and 44% savings compared to conventional methods. XRD and FTIR studies revealed the presence of metal hydroxides and organic compounds in the sludge produced during the EC process. This novel, intensified solar-powered EC reactor with rotating anodes may provide a sustainable and cost-effective solution for tannery wastewater treatment, with shortening treatment time, lowering energy demand, enhancing mass transfer, and minimizing electrode passivation.