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<p>Ag-doped CuWO₄ thin films with varying silver concentrations (0–4%) were successfully fabricated using chemical spray pyrolysis. The influence of Ag doping on the structural, morphological, optical, and photocatalytic properties of the CuWO₄ layers was systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the preservation of the pure CuWO₄ phase, with no secondary phases detected upon Ag incorporation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses verified the incorporation of Ag into the CuWO₄ lattice. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed homogeneous surface morphology and uniform elemental distribution. Atomic force microscopy analysis revealed an increase in surface roughness from 95.6 nm for the pure CuWO<sub>4</sub> sample to 114.5 nm for 1% Ag-doped CuWO<sub>4</sub> sample. UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy demonstrated a red shift in the absorption edge and bandgap narrowing from 2.40 to 2.30 eV. Photoluminescence measurements showed a reduction in emission intensity only with 1% Ag-doped CuWO₄ sample, suggesting improved charge carrier dynamics favorable for photocatalytic activity. Photocatalytic activity was assessed through the degradation of crystal violet dye under optimized conditions (pH 6.09, 10 mg/L dye concentration, 100 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> visible light intensity). The 1% Ag-doped CuWO₄ film exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency, achieving up to 98.7% dye degradation within 120 min. The enhanced performance was ascribed to improved light absorption, efficient separation of charge carriers, and increased generation of reactive oxygen species. These results prove the significance of optimizing Ag concentration in Ag-doped CuWO₄ films as efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation applications.</p>

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Enhanced photocatalytic performance of Ag-doped CuWO₄ thin films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Mohammed M. Gomaa,
  • Mahmoud S. Abdel-Wahed,
  • Mostafa Boshta,
  • Mohamed H. Sayed

摘要

Ag-doped CuWO₄ thin films with varying silver concentrations (0–4%) were successfully fabricated using chemical spray pyrolysis. The influence of Ag doping on the structural, morphological, optical, and photocatalytic properties of the CuWO₄ layers was systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the preservation of the pure CuWO₄ phase, with no secondary phases detected upon Ag incorporation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses verified the incorporation of Ag into the CuWO₄ lattice. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed homogeneous surface morphology and uniform elemental distribution. Atomic force microscopy analysis revealed an increase in surface roughness from 95.6 nm for the pure CuWO4 sample to 114.5 nm for 1% Ag-doped CuWO4 sample. UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy demonstrated a red shift in the absorption edge and bandgap narrowing from 2.40 to 2.30 eV. Photoluminescence measurements showed a reduction in emission intensity only with 1% Ag-doped CuWO₄ sample, suggesting improved charge carrier dynamics favorable for photocatalytic activity. Photocatalytic activity was assessed through the degradation of crystal violet dye under optimized conditions (pH 6.09, 10 mg/L dye concentration, 100 mW/cm2 visible light intensity). The 1% Ag-doped CuWO₄ film exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency, achieving up to 98.7% dye degradation within 120 min. The enhanced performance was ascribed to improved light absorption, efficient separation of charge carriers, and increased generation of reactive oxygen species. These results prove the significance of optimizing Ag concentration in Ag-doped CuWO₄ films as efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation applications.