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<p>Phosphine (PH<sub>3</sub>) gas has been known as a universal fumigant for the management of insect pests in grain storage warehouses. However, PH<sub>3</sub> is least toxic to insect eggs and it is critical issue in food grain protection. This study explores the strongest fumigant action of food-grade diallyl disulfide (DDS) compared with PH<sub>3</sub> in <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i> egg. Fumigant toxicity assay was performed with DDS and fumigant persistence on egg was analyzed using a Gas Chromatography-Flame Photometric Detector (GC-FPD) system. Then, the microstructural impact of DDS was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the docking analysis of DDS with chitinase and catalase enzymes of <i>C. maculatus</i> egg was performed. Less than 11% of egg mortality was estimated for PH<sub>3</sub> at 200 µL/L concentration and 72&#xa0;h of treatment. Whereas, the DDS exhibited complete mortality at 10 µL/L of minimal concentration and 24&#xa0;h of the least fumigation exposure. In GC-FPD analysis, a positive correlation was predicted between fumigant concentration and persistence of biofumigant molecules on the surface of eggs with &gt; 0.82 <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> values. Deformation and microstructural impacts on the chorionic surface of the egg due to the impact of DDS were observed under SEM. The molecular docking analysis revealed positive and stable interactions of DDS with chitinase and catalase enzymes of <i>C. maculatus</i> egg with –3.4 and –4.0&#xa0;kcal/mol binding energies, respectively. This study presents the ovicidal action of DDS with a highlight of residual accumulation and microstructural impacts on the chorionic surface of the beetle egg.</p>

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Diallyl disulfide as potential biofumigant: Prediction of target site and deciphering ovicidal action in Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) egg

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Aswathi K. Sreekrishnakumar,
  • Amal Anand,
  • Jagadish Natesh,
  • Syed Musthapa Meeran,
  • Subramanian Ezhil Vendan

摘要

Phosphine (PH3) gas has been known as a universal fumigant for the management of insect pests in grain storage warehouses. However, PH3 is least toxic to insect eggs and it is critical issue in food grain protection. This study explores the strongest fumigant action of food-grade diallyl disulfide (DDS) compared with PH3 in Callosobruchus maculatus egg. Fumigant toxicity assay was performed with DDS and fumigant persistence on egg was analyzed using a Gas Chromatography-Flame Photometric Detector (GC-FPD) system. Then, the microstructural impact of DDS was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the docking analysis of DDS with chitinase and catalase enzymes of C. maculatus egg was performed. Less than 11% of egg mortality was estimated for PH3 at 200 µL/L concentration and 72 h of treatment. Whereas, the DDS exhibited complete mortality at 10 µL/L of minimal concentration and 24 h of the least fumigation exposure. In GC-FPD analysis, a positive correlation was predicted between fumigant concentration and persistence of biofumigant molecules on the surface of eggs with > 0.82 R2 values. Deformation and microstructural impacts on the chorionic surface of the egg due to the impact of DDS were observed under SEM. The molecular docking analysis revealed positive and stable interactions of DDS with chitinase and catalase enzymes of C. maculatus egg with –3.4 and –4.0 kcal/mol binding energies, respectively. This study presents the ovicidal action of DDS with a highlight of residual accumulation and microstructural impacts on the chorionic surface of the beetle egg.