<p>Using wastewater in agriculture is a key practice for reducing water stress because this sector consumes 70% of the world’s fresh water. Although conventional treatment systems improve the quality of wastewater for reuse, they are limited in the face of emerging contaminants. In this context, the photo-Fenton (PF) process has emerged as a promising technology because it effectively degrades recalcitrant compounds and emerging contaminants (CECs) while meeting stringent quality standards. This study, based on a systematic review (PRISMA®) and bibliometric analysis (Bibliometrix® and VOSviewer®) of literature from 2014 to 2023, found that the photo-Fenton process is primarily used as a tertiary treatment for domestic wastewater from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and is used less frequently for industrial wastewater. PF is primarily used for the inactivation of microorganisms and the degradation of CECs to promote the reuse of wastewater for agricultural irrigation and industrial textile processes. Reported optimal parameters include a pH range of 2.8 to 6.0, peroxide concentrations ranging from 0.019 to 50 mg L⁻¹, a catalyst concentration ranging from 5 to 10 mg L⁻¹, reaction times ranging from 20 to 120 min, irradiation ranging from 30 to 45 W m⁻², and accumulated energy ranging from 4.16 to 21 kJ L⁻¹. These parameters achieve the following removals: organic, microbiological, color, and CECs. However, challenges remain, such as assessing the toxicity of the produced sludge, evaluating the impact of reclaimed water for agricultural use, ensuring the social and economic acceptability.</p>