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<p>Picoxystrobin, a widely used strobilurin fungicide, has raised concerns regarding its environmental impact, particularly its effects on non-target organisms in recent years. The present study investigates the toxicological effects of picoxystrobin on earthworms (<i>Eisenia fetida</i>), focusing on oxidative stress biomarkers and DNA damage over a 28-day exposure period. Earthworms were exposed to soil containing picoxystrobin at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5&#xa0;mg/kg. Several biomarkers, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD and GST), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and DNA damage were evaluated at 7, 14, 21, and 28&#xa0;days. The finding revealed that higher concentrations of picoxystrobin significantly increased ROS levels, MDA content and DNA damage, while antioxidant enzyme activities initially increased but declined with prolonged exposure, indicating an overwhelmed antioxidant defense system. However, the highest concentration of picoxystrobin (2.5&#xa0;mg/kg) consistently caused the most severe oxidative stress and DNA damage. This research offers a comprehensive assessment of the ecotoxicological risks associated with picoxystrobin, suggesting potential long-term impacts on earthworm health and ecosystem functioning. These results underscore the importance of additional research on how strobilurin fungicides influence soil organisms and environmental health more broadly.</p>

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Impact of the Fungicide picoxystrobin on earthworm health: insights from antioxidant responses and DNA integrity in Eisenia fetida

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Likun Wang,
  • Chenxin Wang,
  • Jiayao Luo,
  • Zixuan Qiu,
  • Mingrong Qian

摘要

Picoxystrobin, a widely used strobilurin fungicide, has raised concerns regarding its environmental impact, particularly its effects on non-target organisms in recent years. The present study investigates the toxicological effects of picoxystrobin on earthworms (Eisenia fetida), focusing on oxidative stress biomarkers and DNA damage over a 28-day exposure period. Earthworms were exposed to soil containing picoxystrobin at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 mg/kg. Several biomarkers, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD and GST), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and DNA damage were evaluated at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The finding revealed that higher concentrations of picoxystrobin significantly increased ROS levels, MDA content and DNA damage, while antioxidant enzyme activities initially increased but declined with prolonged exposure, indicating an overwhelmed antioxidant defense system. However, the highest concentration of picoxystrobin (2.5 mg/kg) consistently caused the most severe oxidative stress and DNA damage. This research offers a comprehensive assessment of the ecotoxicological risks associated with picoxystrobin, suggesting potential long-term impacts on earthworm health and ecosystem functioning. These results underscore the importance of additional research on how strobilurin fungicides influence soil organisms and environmental health more broadly.