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<p>In light of growing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable construction practices, incorporating waste materials like coal bottom ash (CBA) into cold bitumen emulsion mixtures (CBEM) offers a promising alternative to traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA), which demands higher energy and natural resource consumption. This study aims to develop a novel CBEM for binder courses by partially replacing the filler (cement) with CBA in proportions ranging from 0 to 50%. Mechanical performance was evaluated through tests such as Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength (ITS), resilient modulus (ITSM), flow number, and durability. A comparative analysis&#xa0;was conducted with conventional HMA and standard CBEM (NCBEM). The results show that CBEMs with up to 30% CBA substitution achieved optimal performance, with a notable increase in Marshall stability, comparable flow, and ITS values to HMA. Higher CBA content also enhanced resilient modulus and rutting resistance, with CBEM-50CBA showing 42% higher durability than HMA. Microscopic analysis (FESEM) indicated increased formation of cementitious compounds, particularly C–S–H gels, contributing to these improvements. The optimal CBA substitution level for binder layer applications was 30%, offering a sustainable and efficient solution for pavement construction.</p>

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Optimizing cold bitumen emulsion mixtures with waste coal bottom ash: a performance-based study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Mohammad Iqbal Malik,
  • Rania Al-Nawasir,
  • Mohammad Shafi Mir,
  • Bijayananda Mohanty

摘要

In light of growing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable construction practices, incorporating waste materials like coal bottom ash (CBA) into cold bitumen emulsion mixtures (CBEM) offers a promising alternative to traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA), which demands higher energy and natural resource consumption. This study aims to develop a novel CBEM for binder courses by partially replacing the filler (cement) with CBA in proportions ranging from 0 to 50%. Mechanical performance was evaluated through tests such as Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength (ITS), resilient modulus (ITSM), flow number, and durability. A comparative analysis was conducted with conventional HMA and standard CBEM (NCBEM). The results show that CBEMs with up to 30% CBA substitution achieved optimal performance, with a notable increase in Marshall stability, comparable flow, and ITS values to HMA. Higher CBA content also enhanced resilient modulus and rutting resistance, with CBEM-50CBA showing 42% higher durability than HMA. Microscopic analysis (FESEM) indicated increased formation of cementitious compounds, particularly C–S–H gels, contributing to these improvements. The optimal CBA substitution level for binder layer applications was 30%, offering a sustainable and efficient solution for pavement construction.