<p>The escalating concentration of smog in addition to air pollution presents major challenges to environmental sustainability as well as public health that can require a novel solution for decline. The paper explores the use of innovative nanomaterials in nanotechnology to mitigate smog impacts and promote a sustainable environment. The study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and functional performance of nanomaterials like graphene oxide, titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes, and metal–organic frameworks for their ability to absorb, catalyze, or break down airborne pollutants like particulate matter, NO₂, SO₂, and VOCs. Experimental data shows TiO₂-based photocatalytic nanomaterials achieve over 90% NOₓ degradation efficiency under UV light, while graphene oxide composites show superior adsorption performance (&gt; 85%) for PM₂.₅ due to their large surface area. Amino-functionalized MOFs show superior selectivity in gas capture of CO₂ and VOCs by reducing ambient concentration by up to 70%. A quantitative LCA indicates that incorporation of nanomaterials and their role in urban infrastructure—like smog-reducing coatings and air filtration systems—can significantly reduce smog-related health risks while maintaining energy efficiency. The review highlights the potential of nanotechnology in environmental remediation so that is suggesting that integrating nanomaterials into urban infrastructure can reduce smog-related health risks by 30–50% while maintaining energy efficiency which is based on a quantitative lifecycle assessment.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>