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<p>This study elucidates the unprecedented bioremediative potential of <i>Ziziphus lotus</i> (<i>Ziz. lotus</i>) leaf biomass for detoxifying hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in aqueous systems through a synergistic adsorption-reduction mechanism. Leveraging a four-factor Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD), we optimized key parameters: quantity of <i>Ziz. lotus</i> (<i>m</i> = 142 mg), medium acidity (pH = 1), thermal condition (<i>T</i> = 50 °C), and initial concentration of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) (<i>C</i> = 100 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) achieving complete transformation of Cr(VI) with a high desirability index. Rigorous statistical validation via ANOVA confirmed the quadratic model’s robustness. Morphological characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a hierarchically porous, fibrillated architecture with a high specific surface area (125.174 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>), facilitating enhanced contaminant accessibility. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) deciphered critical functional moieties implicated in Cr(VI) reduction. Beyond its exceptional capacity, <i>Ziz. lotus</i> biomass offers a carbon-negative, scalable solution for industrial effluent treatment, circumventing the high operational costs and secondary pollution risks of conventional methods.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Redox-active Ziziphus lotus leaf biomass for sustainable hexavalent chromium remediation: mechanistic insights, kinetic modeling, and cost-effectiveness

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Rayane Diaf,
  • Yamina Berredjem,
  • Pratheesh Prakasam Thanka,
  • Ashraf Aly Hassan,
  • Hacene Bendjeffal

摘要

This study elucidates the unprecedented bioremediative potential of Ziziphus lotus (Ziz. lotus) leaf biomass for detoxifying hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in aqueous systems through a synergistic adsorption-reduction mechanism. Leveraging a four-factor Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD), we optimized key parameters: quantity of Ziz. lotus (m = 142 mg), medium acidity (pH = 1), thermal condition (T = 50 °C), and initial concentration of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) (C = 100 mg L−1) achieving complete transformation of Cr(VI) with a high desirability index. Rigorous statistical validation via ANOVA confirmed the quadratic model’s robustness. Morphological characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a hierarchically porous, fibrillated architecture with a high specific surface area (125.174 m2 g−1), facilitating enhanced contaminant accessibility. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) deciphered critical functional moieties implicated in Cr(VI) reduction. Beyond its exceptional capacity, Ziz. lotus biomass offers a carbon-negative, scalable solution for industrial effluent treatment, circumventing the high operational costs and secondary pollution risks of conventional methods.

Graphical Abstract