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<p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emerging contaminants that are toxic to plants. Toxicity of anthracene, a priority PAH, was examined in <i>Pisum sativum</i> and <i>Vigna radiata</i> by evaluating their germination index, growth parameters, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content at three concentrations of anthracene: 25, 50, and 100 mg/L water. Growth characteristics and MDA content of anthracene-treated <i>Epipremnum aureum</i> were also monitored to assess anthracene-induced toxicity at the previously specified concentrations of anthracene. Following 30 days of plantation with <i>E. aureum</i>, HPLC analysis was performed to investigate the elimination of anthracene. The 24-h germination index and germination percentage revealed anthracene significantly reduced the germination index in <i>P. sativum</i> at all concentrations and in <i>V. radiata</i> at 50 and 100 mg/L concentrations. Anthracene-treated legumes showed concentration-dependent reductions in root length, shoot length, biomass, and moisture content compared to the control group. A significant reduction in biomass and a significant rise in moisture content were found in <i>E. aureum</i> in the presence of anthracene compared to the control group. Anthracene significantly increased MDA levels in both leguminous plants at all concentrations, while <i>E. aureum</i> exhibiting a significant&#xa0;rise in MDA at 50 and 100 mg/L of&#xa0;anthracene treatment. Following a 30-day cultivation period utilizing <i>E. aureum</i>, anthracene was undetectable in the media that contained 25 mg/L of anthracene. In addition, a notable reduction in anthracene levels was observed in the media containing 50 and 100 mg/L of anthracene. This study indicates that anthracene is toxic to <i>P. sativum</i> and <i>V. radiata</i> during the initial growth period, which might influence crop yields for these two legumes. Due to its resistance to low concentrations of anthracene, the ornamental plant <i>E. aureum</i> can be utilized for the phytoremediation of anthracene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, potentially preventing their entry into the food chain.</p>

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Anthracene: multiparametric toxicity assessment in Pisum sativum, Vigna radiata and Epipremnum aureum, and remediation efficacy by Epipremnum aureum

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月1日

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  • Sagorika Paul,
  • Ankita Dey,
  • Bishal Kumar Singh,
  • Anirudha Giri

摘要

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emerging contaminants that are toxic to plants. Toxicity of anthracene, a priority PAH, was examined in Pisum sativum and Vigna radiata by evaluating their germination index, growth parameters, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content at three concentrations of anthracene: 25, 50, and 100 mg/L water. Growth characteristics and MDA content of anthracene-treated Epipremnum aureum were also monitored to assess anthracene-induced toxicity at the previously specified concentrations of anthracene. Following 30 days of plantation with E. aureum, HPLC analysis was performed to investigate the elimination of anthracene. The 24-h germination index and germination percentage revealed anthracene significantly reduced the germination index in P. sativum at all concentrations and in V. radiata at 50 and 100 mg/L concentrations. Anthracene-treated legumes showed concentration-dependent reductions in root length, shoot length, biomass, and moisture content compared to the control group. A significant reduction in biomass and a significant rise in moisture content were found in E. aureum in the presence of anthracene compared to the control group. Anthracene significantly increased MDA levels in both leguminous plants at all concentrations, while E. aureum exhibiting a significant rise in MDA at 50 and 100 mg/L of anthracene treatment. Following a 30-day cultivation period utilizing E. aureum, anthracene was undetectable in the media that contained 25 mg/L of anthracene. In addition, a notable reduction in anthracene levels was observed in the media containing 50 and 100 mg/L of anthracene. This study indicates that anthracene is toxic to P. sativum and V. radiata during the initial growth period, which might influence crop yields for these two legumes. Due to its resistance to low concentrations of anthracene, the ornamental plant E. aureum can be utilized for the phytoremediation of anthracene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, potentially preventing their entry into the food chain.