<p>The modern coal chemical industry is an indispensable means of ensuring national energy security. However, one of the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions is modern coal chemical enterprises that use traditional coals as energy sources. In light of the profound influence of greenhouse gas on global warming and the mounting pressure to reduce emissions in China, the accurate accounting of greenhouse gas in modern coal chemical enterprises is of great importance. This enables the enterprises to gain a clear understanding of their own greenhouse gas emissions, providing invaluable data to implement emission reduction measures and formulate effective emission reduction strategies. Therefore, the greenhouse gas accounting studies are particularly valuable. Using the coal-to-olefin project of a modern coal chemical enterprise in China, a greenhouse gas accounting model employing the life cycle assessment analysis method is developed to estimate the emission intensity of modern coal chemical enterprises. In addition, a predictive model combining multiple linear regression and scenario analysis is constructed to explore the drivers of greenhouse gas emissions and predict greenhouse gas emissions under different scenarios, which provides methodological support for companies to develop effective emission reduction schemes. The accounting results showed that the annual greenhouse gas emission intensity of this enterprise’s coal-to-olefin project was 10.39 tCO₂e/ton. The multiple linear regression verified that the standardized coefficient of raw coal consumption was 0.358, followed by waste generated amount (0.274), net purchased electricity amount (0.242), and torch combustion times under abnormal conditions (0.144). The amount of raw coal consumed in coal-to-olefin has the most prominent impact on greenhouse gas emissions. Besides, the scenario analysis revealed that the adoption of advanced environmental protection and energy-saving technologies can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.</p>