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<p>Air pollution pertaining to particulate matter (PM) is a major issue in most of the metropolitan cities across the world. Inhalation exposure to organic species like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), derivatives of PAHs (oxygenated and nitrated PAHs), and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) bound to PM is of major concern owing to its carcinogenic, mutagenic, and endocrine disrupting nature. In this study for the first time, we report a total of 22 aromatic organic species which include PAHs, derivatives of PAHs, and PAEs using an optimized high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to the tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC–MS/MS) method. Further, this optimized method was used to carry out the measurements of the 22 targeted organic constituents bound to the ambient fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) collected in Bengaluru, a metropolitan city in India as a part of a pilot study during the pre-summer season. Among the reported compounds, benzo[b]fluoranthene (3.82&#xa0;ng&#xa0;m<sup>−3</sup>), 9-nitroanthracene (10.47&#xa0;ng&#xa0;m<sup>−3</sup>), and diethyl phthalate (5.38&#xa0;ng&#xa0;m<sup>−3</sup>) are the most abundant PAHs, the derivatives of PAHs, and PAEs, respectively. Determined diagnostic ratios of PAHs have shown that the sampling site is majorly influenced by traffic emissions. Benzo[a]pyrene, a Group 1 carcinogen has occasionally exceeded the limits set by National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQs), India during the sampling period. Further, a preliminary study was performed using a yeast model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) expressing transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP43) and we demonstrated that commonly reported organics such as PAHs and PAEs bound to PM<sub>2.5</sub> have induced significantly elevated aggregation in wild type TDP43. Preliminary results of this study indicate that there is a need for further detailed health risk assessment due to inhalation exposure of organic constituents bound to the ambient PM in Bengaluru.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives, and phthalic acid esters bound to ambient PM2.5 during pre-summer season in Bengaluru, India, and potential effect on protein aggregation diseases

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月13日

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  • Durga Prasad Patnana,
  • Sai Phalguna Kanikaram,
  • Piyush Kumar,
  • Vijay Sai Krishna Cheerala,
  • Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan,
  • Prashant Tripathi,
  • Boggarapu Praphulla Chandra

摘要

Air pollution pertaining to particulate matter (PM) is a major issue in most of the metropolitan cities across the world. Inhalation exposure to organic species like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), derivatives of PAHs (oxygenated and nitrated PAHs), and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) bound to PM is of major concern owing to its carcinogenic, mutagenic, and endocrine disrupting nature. In this study for the first time, we report a total of 22 aromatic organic species which include PAHs, derivatives of PAHs, and PAEs using an optimized high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to the tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC–MS/MS) method. Further, this optimized method was used to carry out the measurements of the 22 targeted organic constituents bound to the ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected in Bengaluru, a metropolitan city in India as a part of a pilot study during the pre-summer season. Among the reported compounds, benzo[b]fluoranthene (3.82 ng m−3), 9-nitroanthracene (10.47 ng m−3), and diethyl phthalate (5.38 ng m−3) are the most abundant PAHs, the derivatives of PAHs, and PAEs, respectively. Determined diagnostic ratios of PAHs have shown that the sampling site is majorly influenced by traffic emissions. Benzo[a]pyrene, a Group 1 carcinogen has occasionally exceeded the limits set by National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQs), India during the sampling period. Further, a preliminary study was performed using a yeast model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) expressing transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP43) and we demonstrated that commonly reported organics such as PAHs and PAEs bound to PM2.5 have induced significantly elevated aggregation in wild type TDP43. Preliminary results of this study indicate that there is a need for further detailed health risk assessment due to inhalation exposure of organic constituents bound to the ambient PM in Bengaluru.

Graphical Abstract