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<p>ZnO-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> material was successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation method and used as a catalyst for the removal of diclofenac sodium (DCF). ZnO-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> exhibited higher catalytic activity in the catalytic process compared to the photocatalytic processes. Under optimum conditions, the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by ZnO-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> achieved approximately 99% removal of DCF, confirming the effective adsorption and activation of PMS. Quenching experiments indicated that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the degradation of DCF by the ZnO-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PMS system are singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) and superoxide radicals (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>). The activation of PMS by ZnO-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was associated with the coexistence and interaction between Co(II) and Co(III), as well as the formation of oxygen vacancies (V<sub>0</sub>) in ZnO. Cobalt leaching was negligible, and the degradation rate remained constant after four cycles, indicating the excellent stability and reusability of the ZnO-Co₃O₄ catalyst. Additionally, eight degradation products of DCF were identified by LC–ESI–MS, and their toxicity was evaluated using ECOSAR software (version 2.2). In conclusion, the ZnO-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PMS system is a promising catalytic process for the degradation of organic molecules.</p>

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Catalytic degradation of diclofenac by ZnO-Co3O4: identification of major intermediates and degradation pathway

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月3日

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  • Soumia Fergani,
  • Hanane Zazoua,
  • Adel Saadi,
  • Fatma Zohra Badri,
  • Amel Boudjemaa,
  • Khaldoun Bachari

摘要

ZnO-Co3O4 material was successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation method and used as a catalyst for the removal of diclofenac sodium (DCF). ZnO-Co3O4 exhibited higher catalytic activity in the catalytic process compared to the photocatalytic processes. Under optimum conditions, the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by ZnO-Co3O4 achieved approximately 99% removal of DCF, confirming the effective adsorption and activation of PMS. Quenching experiments indicated that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the degradation of DCF by the ZnO-Co3O4/PMS system are singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radicals (O2•−). The activation of PMS by ZnO-Co3O4 was associated with the coexistence and interaction between Co(II) and Co(III), as well as the formation of oxygen vacancies (V0) in ZnO. Cobalt leaching was negligible, and the degradation rate remained constant after four cycles, indicating the excellent stability and reusability of the ZnO-Co₃O₄ catalyst. Additionally, eight degradation products of DCF were identified by LC–ESI–MS, and their toxicity was evaluated using ECOSAR software (version 2.2). In conclusion, the ZnO-Co3O4/PMS system is a promising catalytic process for the degradation of organic molecules.