The designing of magnetic nanomaterials synthesis and applications in dye degradation: a review

Numerous activities, including rapid industrialization, population increase, and agricultural practices, have continuously contaminated freshwater resources. One of the main risks to aquatic life and human health is water pollution, which can lead to a number of extremely dangerous illnesses, including cancer, asthma, and gastrointestinal problems. The contaminated wastewater could be cleaned using a variety of traditional and cutting-edge techniques. In order to solve these problems, scientists have been investigating a number of treatment techniques, such as adsorption, which uses adsorbents to effectively and selectively remove particular pollutants. Adsorption is the most widely used economical and effective method for treating wastewater and eliminating dangerous contaminants. The surface characteristics of the adsorbents utilized, such as their surface area and availability of functional groups, are what primarily determine the efficacy of adsorption. Since different carbon derivatives derived from waste are used as adsorbents to remove harmful pollutants, nanomaterials have been used as effective adsorbents in recent times because of their superior surface qualities. Particularly magnetite (Fe₃O₄), magnetic adsorbents have shown great promise as an adsorbent material for water filtration. It is appropriate for the adsorption of numerous pollutants due to its large surface area, supermagnetism, and simplicity of functionalization. In order to eliminate harmful contaminants including heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from wastewater, this review paper critically examined the synthesis of nanomaterials, with a focus on green synthesis. It is anticipated that this kind of multidisciplinary research would lead to more advancements in advanced nanotechnology and nanoscience in the water treatment industry.