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<p>Rapid population decline and aging in many developed countries have made labor-saving more important in sustainable forestry activities. Several labor-saving measures have been considered, including the reduction of initial planting density and introduction of fast-growing seedlings. However, the performance of advanced-generation seedlings planted at a lower planting density has not been fully evaluated. Japanese plantation forests are typically owned by elderly and small-scale landowners, and there is a need for practical information on the effectiveness of advanced-generation seedlings for labor-saving forestry. This study investigated ten-year-old Japanese cedar plantations and evaluated the effects of planting densities and breeding generations (advanced-generation seedlings compared to the traditional cultivar) on the tree growth performances. We compared the degree of trunk damage by invading vines, and the trunk diameter, height, volume, and stem forms between different planting densities and between breeding generations. Our results show that reducing planting density and introducing advanced-generation seedling families positively affect tree growth. However, extremely low planting density increases the risks of trunk deformation due to increased vine invasion. The findings suggest that it is important to develop a management plan that strikes an appropriate balance between reducing planting densities and improving tree growth through breeding activity.</p>

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Balancing reduced planting density with genetic improvement for low-input forestry: planting next-generation seedlings of Japanese cedar improves trunk form and growth, but too wide spacing increases trunk defects due to vine invasion

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Michinari Matsushita,
  • Kodai Ogawa,
  • Ryusei Doi,
  • Yusuke Takahashi,
  • Miyoko Tsubomura,
  • Akira Tamura

摘要

Rapid population decline and aging in many developed countries have made labor-saving more important in sustainable forestry activities. Several labor-saving measures have been considered, including the reduction of initial planting density and introduction of fast-growing seedlings. However, the performance of advanced-generation seedlings planted at a lower planting density has not been fully evaluated. Japanese plantation forests are typically owned by elderly and small-scale landowners, and there is a need for practical information on the effectiveness of advanced-generation seedlings for labor-saving forestry. This study investigated ten-year-old Japanese cedar plantations and evaluated the effects of planting densities and breeding generations (advanced-generation seedlings compared to the traditional cultivar) on the tree growth performances. We compared the degree of trunk damage by invading vines, and the trunk diameter, height, volume, and stem forms between different planting densities and between breeding generations. Our results show that reducing planting density and introducing advanced-generation seedling families positively affect tree growth. However, extremely low planting density increases the risks of trunk deformation due to increased vine invasion. The findings suggest that it is important to develop a management plan that strikes an appropriate balance between reducing planting densities and improving tree growth through breeding activity.