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<p>Increases in deer density may lead to an increase in the density of questing (host-seeking) hard ticks (Ixodidae) that transmit various zoonotic pathogens. However, little is known about how each tick species responds to the density of sika deer (<i>Cervus nippon</i>) in the regions endemic for tick-borne diseases. This study aimed to clarify the potential effects of sika deer density on each tick species and the risk of Japanese spotted fever (JSF) based on a&#xa0;field study and&#xa0;a literature review of tick fauna in the Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures, representing high and low endemic regions, respectively. Questing ticks were collected from 29 sites throughout the Chiba Prefecture. The association between densities of each tick species and host species and environmental factors was analyzed using generalized linear mixed models based on Akaike’s information criterion (AIC). In the best-fit models, the regression coefficients for the density of sika deer relative to the densities of <i>Haemaphysalis cornigera</i>, <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis,</i> and <i>Haemaphysalis megaspinosa</i> were positive, indicating that a higher density of sika deer resulted in an increased number of JSF cases due to increased the densities of these tick species<i>.</i> In contrast, the estimated regression coefficients for sika deer relative <i>Haemaphysalis flava</i> density were negative; however, the reason for this association remains unclear. Although the number of JSF patients differed between the both prefectures, the species composition of ticks was almost the same. Other factors, such as host community structure and human lifestyles, also must be taken into consideration to estimate the JSF infection risk in conjunction with these findings.</p>

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Different responses of Haemaphysalis tick species to the density of sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the endemic region of Japanese spotted fever

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月25日

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  • Hiroyuki Matsuyama

摘要

Increases in deer density may lead to an increase in the density of questing (host-seeking) hard ticks (Ixodidae) that transmit various zoonotic pathogens. However, little is known about how each tick species responds to the density of sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the regions endemic for tick-borne diseases. This study aimed to clarify the potential effects of sika deer density on each tick species and the risk of Japanese spotted fever (JSF) based on a field study and a literature review of tick fauna in the Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures, representing high and low endemic regions, respectively. Questing ticks were collected from 29 sites throughout the Chiba Prefecture. The association between densities of each tick species and host species and environmental factors was analyzed using generalized linear mixed models based on Akaike’s information criterion (AIC). In the best-fit models, the regression coefficients for the density of sika deer relative to the densities of Haemaphysalis cornigera, Haemaphysalis longicornis, and Haemaphysalis megaspinosa were positive, indicating that a higher density of sika deer resulted in an increased number of JSF cases due to increased the densities of these tick species. In contrast, the estimated regression coefficients for sika deer relative Haemaphysalis flava density were negative; however, the reason for this association remains unclear. Although the number of JSF patients differed between the both prefectures, the species composition of ticks was almost the same. Other factors, such as host community structure and human lifestyles, also must be taken into consideration to estimate the JSF infection risk in conjunction with these findings.