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Background <p>Reliable full-field quantification of principal stress difference (PSD) under continuous loading remains challenging in photoelastic models with structural heterogeneity because of fringe complexity and order ambiguity.</p> Objective <p>This study presents a digital photoelasticity workflow for full-field PSD quantification in continuously loaded 3D-printed rock models.</p> Methods <p>The workflow integrates (i) native-resolution, one-pixel-wide skeletonization of integer- and half-integer-order fringes, (ii) region-specific reference-intensity normalization to suppress fringe-order-dependent drift, and (iii) skeleton-guided phase unwrapping based on deterministic half-order fringe-region partitioning. Representative 3D-printed rock models containing irregular fractures, particles, and pores are used for method evaluation.</p> Results <p>Accuracy is benchmarked against a ten-step phase-shifting reference during a brief load-hold. Centerline-profile comparisons across the fracture, particle, and pore models yield a mean NRMSE of 2.2%. The resulting PSD maps remain smooth and physically consistent while resolving stress concentrations near crack tips, particle–matrix interfaces, and pore edges. </p> Conclusions <p>The proposed workflow enables accurate full-field PSD quantification under continuous loading in structurally heterogeneous, plane-stress photoelastic models.</p>

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Full-Field Digital Photoelastic Quantification of Principal Stress Difference Under Continuous Loading

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • C. Wan,
  • B. Dai,
  • L. Zhang,
  • J. Zheng,
  • Y. Ju

摘要

Background

Reliable full-field quantification of principal stress difference (PSD) under continuous loading remains challenging in photoelastic models with structural heterogeneity because of fringe complexity and order ambiguity.

Objective

This study presents a digital photoelasticity workflow for full-field PSD quantification in continuously loaded 3D-printed rock models.

Methods

The workflow integrates (i) native-resolution, one-pixel-wide skeletonization of integer- and half-integer-order fringes, (ii) region-specific reference-intensity normalization to suppress fringe-order-dependent drift, and (iii) skeleton-guided phase unwrapping based on deterministic half-order fringe-region partitioning. Representative 3D-printed rock models containing irregular fractures, particles, and pores are used for method evaluation.

Results

Accuracy is benchmarked against a ten-step phase-shifting reference during a brief load-hold. Centerline-profile comparisons across the fracture, particle, and pore models yield a mean NRMSE of 2.2%. The resulting PSD maps remain smooth and physically consistent while resolving stress concentrations near crack tips, particle–matrix interfaces, and pore edges.

Conclusions

The proposed workflow enables accurate full-field PSD quantification under continuous loading in structurally heterogeneous, plane-stress photoelastic models.