Background <p>Yoga is widely recognized for its benefits on mental and emotional well-being. However, the specific neurobehavioral and psychological correlates of yoga practice remain underexplored. This study investigates the association between yoga practice duration and frequency with mental health indicators, including depression, anxiety, stress, mindfulness, and well-being.</p> Objective <p>To evaluate the relationship between yoga practice and key psychological outcomes using a cross-sectional design.</p> Methods <p>A total of 54 adults practicing yoga for at least fifteen days were recruited via purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured online surveys assessing demographic details, yoga practice patterns, and mental health using validated scales: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Statistical analyses included Pearson and Spearman correlation tests and linear regression models performed using Jamovi software.</p> Results <p>Longer duration of yoga practice was significantly associated with lower depression scores (<i>r</i> =  − 0.281, <i>p</i> = 0.040*), whereas greater weekly yoga frequency was significantly associated with higher well-being scores (<i>r</i> = 0.303, <i>p</i> = 0.026*). No significant associations were observed between yoga practice and anxiety or stress.</p> Conclusions <p>Regular yoga practice is linked to improved psychological well-being, highlighting its potential as a non-pharmacological intervention for mental health. Future research with larger samples and longitudinal designs is recommended to further validate these findings.</p>