Purpose <p>Shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that is often associated with altered shoulder biomechanics and neuromuscular control. However, despite the close functional relationship between the cervical spine and the shoulder complex, it remains unclear whether individuals with SIS exhibit impairments in cervical proprioception. Existing literature presents inconsistent findings regarding cervical proprioception and joint position sense (JPE). Some studies reported increased JPE in individuals with neck-related disorders, suggesting impaired sensorimotor control. Other studies found minimal or non-significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic populations, indicating that proprioceptive deficits may not be present in all musculoskeletal conditions. Differences in the study outcomes may be due to variations in sample characteristics, such as age, symptom duration, and severity, as well as methodological inconsistencies in the measurement of cervical JPE. This gap in the literature highlights the need to examine whether cervical joint position sense differs in individuals with SIS. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate cervical proprioception in patients with SIS compared to healthy controls.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 68 participants aged 25–45&#xa0;years. Participants were allocated to two groups: patients with unilateral SIS (<i>n</i> = 34) and age-matched healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 34). SIS was diagnosed based on at least three positive clinical tests (Neer’s, Hawkins–Kennedy, Painful arc, and Empty Can tests). Cervical proprioception was assessed using the Joint Position Error Test (JPET) during cervical flexion, extension, and right and left rotation. Shoulder pain and disability were evaluated using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). An independent t-test was used to compare demographic data between groups, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to examine the association between SPADI scores and cervical proprioception. Statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05.</p> Results <p>No significant difference was observed between groups in any cervical JPE measure (all<i> p</i> &gt; 0.05). The mean differences between groups were small, indicating limited evidence for clinically relevant proprioceptive deficits in individuals with SIS.</p> Conclusion <p>No significant differences in cervical proprioception were observed between individuals with SIS and healthy controls. These findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the sample size and cross-sectional design. Further research is needed to confirm these results and explore potential relationships over time.</p>