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Background <p>Accelerating post-exercise recovery of the autonomic, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems has been the goal of strategies such as fluid intake. However, these systems are often investigated in isolation, without considering their integrated behavior during recovery.</p> Aim <p>To evaluate recovery in young active males undergoing a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with or without water intake, using an integrated mathematical analysis of autonomic, cardiovascular, and respiratory outcomes.</p> Methods <p>Thirty-nine males underwent: 1) maximal exercise test; 2) control protocol consisting of 90&#xa0;min of treadmill exercise followed by 60&#xa0;min of passive recovery; 3) hydration protocol with water consumption in 10 portions based on body mass loss during the control protocol. Outcomes included heart rate variability (autonomic), blood pressure and heart rate (cardiovascular), and oxygen saturation and respiratory frequency (respiratory). Volunteers were classified as recovered (1) or non-recovered (0) at recovery moments (REC2 to REC5) compared to rest. Integrated, autonomic, cardiovascular and respiratory scores were then calculated. This study was registered on the Clinical Trials (NCT05179382).</p> Results <p>The hydration protocol showed higher autonomic scores at REC2, REC4, and REC5 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) compared to the control protocol. Integrated and autonomic scores were different between recovery and rest (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in both protocols. A higher proportion of recovered volunteers was observed in the hydration protocol for cardiovascular score at REC2 (61.5% vs. 35.8%; <i>p</i> = 0.04) and REC4 (76.9% vs. 46.1%; <i>p</i> = 0.01).</p> Conclusions <p>Integrated analysis showed hydration's positive impact on post-exercise recovery in young active males after prolonged moderate-intensity aerobic exercise.</p>

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Mathematical integration of autonomic, cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes in recovery with and without water intake

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Natacha de Lima Gervazoni,
  • Alessandra Aparecida Alves da Silva,
  • Felipe Ribeiro,
  • Alice Haniuda Moliterno,
  • Denise Brugnoli Balbi Dagostinho,
  • Maria Júlia Lopez Laurino,
  • Carlos Marcelo Pastre,
  • Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei

摘要

Background

Accelerating post-exercise recovery of the autonomic, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems has been the goal of strategies such as fluid intake. However, these systems are often investigated in isolation, without considering their integrated behavior during recovery.

Aim

To evaluate recovery in young active males undergoing a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with or without water intake, using an integrated mathematical analysis of autonomic, cardiovascular, and respiratory outcomes.

Methods

Thirty-nine males underwent: 1) maximal exercise test; 2) control protocol consisting of 90 min of treadmill exercise followed by 60 min of passive recovery; 3) hydration protocol with water consumption in 10 portions based on body mass loss during the control protocol. Outcomes included heart rate variability (autonomic), blood pressure and heart rate (cardiovascular), and oxygen saturation and respiratory frequency (respiratory). Volunteers were classified as recovered (1) or non-recovered (0) at recovery moments (REC2 to REC5) compared to rest. Integrated, autonomic, cardiovascular and respiratory scores were then calculated. This study was registered on the Clinical Trials (NCT05179382).

Results

The hydration protocol showed higher autonomic scores at REC2, REC4, and REC5 (p < 0.05) compared to the control protocol. Integrated and autonomic scores were different between recovery and rest (p < 0.05) in both protocols. A higher proportion of recovered volunteers was observed in the hydration protocol for cardiovascular score at REC2 (61.5% vs. 35.8%; p = 0.04) and REC4 (76.9% vs. 46.1%; p = 0.01).

Conclusions

Integrated analysis showed hydration's positive impact on post-exercise recovery in young active males after prolonged moderate-intensity aerobic exercise.