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Background <p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between exercise habits and muscle strength, function, and volume for residents of a snowy region.</p> Methods <p>This study was a cross-sectional, retrospective study using data from the Iwaki Health Promotion Project Health checkup program held between 2015 and 2019 (<i>n</i> = 1885); the final analyzed sample was 1401. The participants were divided into four groups based on their active season of exercise in non-winter and winter: all seasons (Active–Active, <i>n</i> = 131,&#xa0;median 53&#xa0;years), except winter (Active–None, <i>n</i> = 83, 61&#xa0;years), winter only (None–Active, <i>n</i> = 31, 57&#xa0;years), and nothing all seasons (None–None, <i>n</i> = 1156, 48&#xa0;years). Analysis of covariance was used to compare outcomes (gait speed, grip strength, and skeletal muscle mass index) between age or sex category.</p> Results <p>Grip strength was significantly lower in None–None (33.0&#xa0;kg) than in Active–Active (34.6&#xa0;kg) in young and middle-aged adults. In females, gait speed was significantly lower in None–None (2.48&#xa0;m/sec) than in Active–Active (2.64&#xa0;m/s) and in Active–None (2.68&#xa0;m/s), and skeletal muscle mass index was significantly lower in Active–None (25&#xa0;kg/m<sup>2</sup>) than in Active–Active (26.0&#xa0;kg/m<sup>2</sup>).</p> Conclusion <p>Exercise habits throughout the year had a positive impact on grip strength in young and middle-aged adults among residents of a snowy region in Japan. Also, maintaining year-round exercise including winter was associated with positive effects on gait speed and muscle volume in females.</p>

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Relationships between seasonal exercise habits and muscle strength, function, and volume among residents of a snowy region in Japan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月8日

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  • Tsukasa Tanaka,
  • Sunao Tanaka,
  • Shintaro Yokoyama,
  • Kaori Sawada,
  • Kentaro Ando,
  • Takahiro Tsushima,
  • Koichi Murashita,
  • Shigeyuki Nakaji,
  • Tatsuya Mikami

摘要

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between exercise habits and muscle strength, function, and volume for residents of a snowy region.

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional, retrospective study using data from the Iwaki Health Promotion Project Health checkup program held between 2015 and 2019 (n = 1885); the final analyzed sample was 1401. The participants were divided into four groups based on their active season of exercise in non-winter and winter: all seasons (Active–Active, n = 131, median 53 years), except winter (Active–None, n = 83, 61 years), winter only (None–Active, n = 31, 57 years), and nothing all seasons (None–None, n = 1156, 48 years). Analysis of covariance was used to compare outcomes (gait speed, grip strength, and skeletal muscle mass index) between age or sex category.

Results

Grip strength was significantly lower in None–None (33.0 kg) than in Active–Active (34.6 kg) in young and middle-aged adults. In females, gait speed was significantly lower in None–None (2.48 m/sec) than in Active–Active (2.64 m/s) and in Active–None (2.68 m/s), and skeletal muscle mass index was significantly lower in Active–None (25 kg/m2) than in Active–Active (26.0 kg/m2).

Conclusion

Exercise habits throughout the year had a positive impact on grip strength in young and middle-aged adults among residents of a snowy region in Japan. Also, maintaining year-round exercise including winter was associated with positive effects on gait speed and muscle volume in females.