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Background <p>Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances worldwide. However, limited data exist regarding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to caffeinated product consumption among university athletes. Assessing these factors is essential for promoting safer and more informed caffeine use. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate KAP regarding caffeine consumption among university athletes.</p> Methods <p>The questionnaire was developed through a comprehensive literature review, expert validation, translation, and focus group input. The instrument was piloted among 50 university athletes. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency and test–retest reliability, while construct validity was assessed through expert review and statistical analysis.</p> Results <p>The final KAP-Caffeine Questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values exceeding 0.80 across all domains. The finalized instrument comprises 46 items, including 20 knowledge items, 10 attitude items, and 16 practice-related items. Test–retest results indicated strong stability and expert evaluations supported content and construct validity.</p> Conclusion <p>The KAP-Caffeine Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to caffeine consumption among university athletes. It can be applied directly or adapted for use in diverse populations and research settings to inform educational strategies and health promotion programs.</p>

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Development and validation of a caffeine-related questionnaire to assess university athletes’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Nerosha Nair Gunasegaran,
  • Sitti Junaina Musa,
  • Nor Farah Mohamad Fauzi,
  • Sareena Hanim Hamzah,
  • Normah Jusoh,
  • Ruzita Abd Talib,
  • Ahmad Rohi Ghazali,
  • Nik Shanita Safii

摘要

Background

Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances worldwide. However, limited data exist regarding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to caffeinated product consumption among university athletes. Assessing these factors is essential for promoting safer and more informed caffeine use. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate KAP regarding caffeine consumption among university athletes.

Methods

The questionnaire was developed through a comprehensive literature review, expert validation, translation, and focus group input. The instrument was piloted among 50 university athletes. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency and test–retest reliability, while construct validity was assessed through expert review and statistical analysis.

Results

The final KAP-Caffeine Questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values exceeding 0.80 across all domains. The finalized instrument comprises 46 items, including 20 knowledge items, 10 attitude items, and 16 practice-related items. Test–retest results indicated strong stability and expert evaluations supported content and construct validity.

Conclusion

The KAP-Caffeine Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to caffeine consumption among university athletes. It can be applied directly or adapted for use in diverse populations and research settings to inform educational strategies and health promotion programs.