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Purpose <p>This study evaluated the influence of physical activity (PA) on the retention of body composition effects achieved through a 16-week high-speed resistance training (HSRT) program over a 1-year follow-up period.</p> Methods <p>Forty independent older adults participated in the supervised 16-week&#xa0;HSRT program. After the intervention ended, participants were encouraged to maintain high PA levels. At the 1-year follow-up, 36 participants completed the assessments and were divided into the light activity group (LAG, <i>N</i> = 20, age 70.00 ± 3.66&#xa0;years) and the moderate-to-vigorous activity group (MVAG, <i>N</i> = 16, age 68.50 ± 2.09&#xa0;years). Body composition (InBody<sup>®</sup> S10), PA levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), and anthropometric measurements were assessed at four time points.</p> Results <p>Significant time effects were observed for several body composition parameters over the 1-year follow-up period, with large effect sizes. Specifically, MVAG revealed significant declines in weight (<i>p</i> = 0.002, <i>d</i><sub><i>unb</i></sub> = −0.22), body mass index (<i>p</i> = 0.002, <i>d</i><sub><i>unb</i></sub> = −0.30), and fat mass (%) (<i>p</i> = 0.028, <i>d</i><sub><i>unb</i></sub> = −0.30) from post-intervention to the 1-year follow-up. Conversely, LAG demonstrated significant reductions in fat-free mass (<i>p</i> = 0.018, <i>d</i><sub><i>unb</i></sub> = −0.14), muscle mass (<i>p</i> = 0.010, <i>d</i><sub><i>unb</i></sub> = −0.15), and lean mass (<i>p</i> = 0.014, <i>d</i><sub><i>unb</i></sub> = −0.14) from pre-intervention to the 6-month follow-up (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, <i>d</i><sub><i>unb</i></sub> = −0.18), with body cell mass also presenting significant declines from post-intervention to the 1-year follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.035, <i>d</i><sub><i>unb</i></sub> = −0.13). Despite an overall decline, PA remained relatively higher than pre-intervention, particularly for total weekly activity (minutes) and energy expenditure from moderate-to-vigorous PA.</p> Conclusions <p>This study highlights the benefits of engaging in at least moderate PA activities for retaining the effects achieved on a previous exercise program, particularly reductions in fat mass.</p>

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The role of physical activity levels in retaining high-speed resistance training effects on body composition: a 1-year follow-up in older adults

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  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Alexandre Duarte Martins,
  • Nuno Batalha,
  • Orlando Fernandes,
  • Rafael Oliveira,
  • Bruno Gonçalves,
  • João Paulo Brito

摘要

Purpose

This study evaluated the influence of physical activity (PA) on the retention of body composition effects achieved through a 16-week high-speed resistance training (HSRT) program over a 1-year follow-up period.

Methods

Forty independent older adults participated in the supervised 16-week HSRT program. After the intervention ended, participants were encouraged to maintain high PA levels. At the 1-year follow-up, 36 participants completed the assessments and were divided into the light activity group (LAG, N = 20, age 70.00 ± 3.66 years) and the moderate-to-vigorous activity group (MVAG, N = 16, age 68.50 ± 2.09 years). Body composition (InBody® S10), PA levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), and anthropometric measurements were assessed at four time points.

Results

Significant time effects were observed for several body composition parameters over the 1-year follow-up period, with large effect sizes. Specifically, MVAG revealed significant declines in weight (p = 0.002, dunb = −0.22), body mass index (p = 0.002, dunb = −0.30), and fat mass (%) (p = 0.028, dunb = −0.30) from post-intervention to the 1-year follow-up. Conversely, LAG demonstrated significant reductions in fat-free mass (p = 0.018, dunb = −0.14), muscle mass (p = 0.010, dunb = −0.15), and lean mass (p = 0.014, dunb = −0.14) from pre-intervention to the 6-month follow-up (p < 0.001, dunb = −0.18), with body cell mass also presenting significant declines from post-intervention to the 1-year follow-up (p = 0.035, dunb = −0.13). Despite an overall decline, PA remained relatively higher than pre-intervention, particularly for total weekly activity (minutes) and energy expenditure from moderate-to-vigorous PA.

Conclusions

This study highlights the benefits of engaging in at least moderate PA activities for retaining the effects achieved on a previous exercise program, particularly reductions in fat mass.