Background <p>Physical activity has a positive impact on the ageing process, but little is known about the benefits of sport for older adults.</p> Aim <p>The aim of this study was to review and synthesise the available literature regarding the effect of sport participation on physical and cognitive function in older adults.</p> Methods <p>After searching databases, 2422 studies were screened and a total of 16 studies met the eligibility criteria. Quality assessment was undertaken.</p> Results <p>The selected studies assessed either physical function, cognitive function or both. From the studies that assessed physical function (<i>n</i> = 13), 9 (70%) reported significant improvements in timed up and go, repeated sit to stand, static balance postural sway or walking performance (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Of the studies that assessed cognitive function (<i>n</i> = 5), 5 (100%) reported significant improvements in attention and memory (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The sport participation significantly improved physical function but not cognitive function. The physical benefits of sport participation could be explained through the quantity and quality of training.</p> Conclusion <p>Sport participation can increase physical function in older adults and should be promoted alongside other modes of physical activity.</p>