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Purpose <p>This study assessed the reliability of the Enhanced Paper Grip Test (EPGT), a simple and efficient tool for evaluating foot strength, and its correlation with the handgrip test in healthy young adults.</p> Methods <p>Twenty-one healthy young participants completed two sessions of measurement using EPGT and handgrip dynamometer, with three trials per session 10–14&#xa0;days apart.</p> Results <p>The EPGT test showed good to excellent relative reliability (ICC = 0.90–0.92) but higher variability (CV = 8.2–15.3%), while handgrip demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC = 0.98–0.99) with lower variability (CV = 3.1–4.2%). Moderate correlations (R = 0.47–0.56) were found between the two measures, with inter-limb asymmetry showing good reliability (ICC = 0.82–0.83) for both tests.</p> Conclusion <p>EPGT’s simplicity and ability to assess foot strength make it a valuable tool, though further research is needed to improve its absolute reliability and applicability in different age groups and patient populations.</p>

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Enhanced paper grip test for foot strength assessment in healthy young adults: test–retest reliability and comparison with handgrip test

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Nenad Nedović,
  • Stevan Jovanović,
  • Danilo Vujičić,
  • Vladimir Gapić,
  • Žiga Kozinc

摘要

Purpose

This study assessed the reliability of the Enhanced Paper Grip Test (EPGT), a simple and efficient tool for evaluating foot strength, and its correlation with the handgrip test in healthy young adults.

Methods

Twenty-one healthy young participants completed two sessions of measurement using EPGT and handgrip dynamometer, with three trials per session 10–14 days apart.

Results

The EPGT test showed good to excellent relative reliability (ICC = 0.90–0.92) but higher variability (CV = 8.2–15.3%), while handgrip demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC = 0.98–0.99) with lower variability (CV = 3.1–4.2%). Moderate correlations (R = 0.47–0.56) were found between the two measures, with inter-limb asymmetry showing good reliability (ICC = 0.82–0.83) for both tests.

Conclusion

EPGT’s simplicity and ability to assess foot strength make it a valuable tool, though further research is needed to improve its absolute reliability and applicability in different age groups and patient populations.