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Purpose <p>This study aimed to review (systematically) and meta-analyse values of peak oxygen uptake (V̇O<sub>2</sub>peak) and peak heart rate (HRpeak) derived from studies that compared incremental running tests, involving horizontal- and incline-based graded exercise testing (GXT). We included studies that compared V̇O<sub>2</sub>peak and HRpeak from horizontal- (0-1%) and incline-based (≥2% inclination) running GXT.</p> Methods <p>PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were last searched on March 5, 2025. In addition to a systematic review, we performed a Bayesian meta-analysis. The focus was on the percentage mean difference of the peak variables, obtained through GXT in running. For the quality assessment, we used adapted COSMIN criteria.</p> Results <p>A total of 22 studies were included in the analysis, all of which reported V̇O<sub>2</sub>peak or HRpeak outcomes derived from the horizontal- and incline-based tests. All of them were conducted with healthy subjects or athletes. Bayesian analysis revealed that incline GXT induces higher V̇O<sub>2</sub>peak (mean difference [95% credible interval]; 2.53% [0.94 to 3.86%]) and lower HRpeak (−&#xa0;1.20% [−&#xa0;2.73 to 0.47%]) compared to horizontal running protocols.</p> Conclusion <p>V̇O<sub>2</sub>peak and HRpeak are GXT slope dependent. Therefore, GXT protocols that evaluate such variables should consider these findings to provide trustworthy measures. The review was pre-registered on Open Science Framework (<a href="https://osf.io/6y57d">https://osf.io/6y57d</a>).</p>

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Peak V̇O2 and heart rate depend on running slope: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • Ricardo Dantas de Lucas,
  • Lucas Dalla Vecchia Lanzarini,
  • Isadora Dalla Lana,
  • Tiago Turnes,
  • Thiago Pereira Ventura,
  • Benedito Sérgio Denadai,
  • Fernando Klitzke Borszcz

摘要

Purpose

This study aimed to review (systematically) and meta-analyse values of peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) and peak heart rate (HRpeak) derived from studies that compared incremental running tests, involving horizontal- and incline-based graded exercise testing (GXT). We included studies that compared V̇O2peak and HRpeak from horizontal- (0-1%) and incline-based (≥2% inclination) running GXT.

Methods

PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were last searched on March 5, 2025. In addition to a systematic review, we performed a Bayesian meta-analysis. The focus was on the percentage mean difference of the peak variables, obtained through GXT in running. For the quality assessment, we used adapted COSMIN criteria.

Results

A total of 22 studies were included in the analysis, all of which reported V̇O2peak or HRpeak outcomes derived from the horizontal- and incline-based tests. All of them were conducted with healthy subjects or athletes. Bayesian analysis revealed that incline GXT induces higher V̇O2peak (mean difference [95% credible interval]; 2.53% [0.94 to 3.86%]) and lower HRpeak (− 1.20% [− 2.73 to 0.47%]) compared to horizontal running protocols.

Conclusion

V̇O2peak and HRpeak are GXT slope dependent. Therefore, GXT protocols that evaluate such variables should consider these findings to provide trustworthy measures. The review was pre-registered on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/6y57d).